LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



KIOUBE 



1. Soil and subsoil in St George's School garden . 



2. Columns showing what 100 parts of soil and subsoil 



were made of 



3. Columns showing what 100 pai-ts of dried soil and 



subsoil were made of 



4. Clay shrinks when it dries 



5. Clay swells up when it is placed in water . 



6. Landslip at Seaton, Devonshire. Phot. Valentine & Son 



7. Clay does not let water run through .... 



8. Sand allows air to pass through but clay does not . 



9. A brick allows both air and water to pass through it 



10. Lime added to turbid clay water soon makes the clay 



settle 



11. Sand dunes, Penhale, Cornwall. Phot. Geological Survey 



12. Blowing sand covering up meadows and ruining them. 



Phot. Geological Survey 



13. Model of a spring 



14. Foot of chalk hill at Harpenden where a spring breaks 



out. Phot. Lionel Armstrong 



15. The little pool and the spring. Phot. Lionel Armstrong 



16. Water spouting up from a bore hole, Old Cateriag 



Quarry, Dunbar. Phot. Geological Survey . 



17. Sandy soils in wet and in dry positions 



18 Map of the roads round Wye 



19. Peat bog in Hoy, Orkney: peat is being cut for fuel 



Phot. Valentine & Son 



20. Rye growing in surface soil, subsoil, and sand . 



21. Mustard growing in surface soil, subsoil, and sand . 



22. Mustard growing in soil previously cropped with rye, 



and in soil previously uncropped .... 



23. Pieces of grass, leaves, etc. change to plant food in the 



surface soil but not in the subsoil .... 



24. Soil in which earthworms have been living and making 



burrows 



25. Fresh soil turns milk bad, but baked soil does not . 



26. Soil contains tiny living things that grow on gelatine 



27. Our breath makes lime water turn milky . 



28. Something in the soil uses up air and makes lime water 



turn milky 



29. Soils are able to stick to water : clay or loam soils do 



this better than sands 



30. Water can pass from wet to dry places in the soil, it 



can even travel upwards ...... 



3L Plants growing in soils supplied from below with water. 

 All the water the plants get has to travel upwards . 



32. Mustard growing in soils supplied with varying quanti- 

 ties of water ... .... 



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