BOOK VI. 



155 



by a workman out of tunnels or sheds. It is made as follows : two planks 

 are chosen about five feet long, one foot wide, and two digits thick ; of 

 each of these the lower side is cut away at the front for a length of one 

 foot, and at the back for a length of two feet, while the middle is left whole. 

 Then in the front parts are bored circular holes, in order that the ends of an 

 axle may revolve in them. The intermediate parts of the planks are 

 perforated twice near the bottom, so as to receive the heads of two little 

 cleats on which the planks are fixed ; and they are also perforated in the 

 middle, so as to receive the heads of two end-boards, while keys fixed in 

 these projecting heads strengthen the whole structure. The handles are 

 made out of the extreme ends of the long planks, and they turn downward 

 at the ends that they may be grasped more firmly in the hands. The small 

 wheel, of which there is only one, neither has a nave nor does it revolve 

 around the axle, but turns around with it. From the felloe, which the 

 Greeks called a/rStc, two transverse spokes fixed into it pass through the 

 middle of the axle toward the opposite felloe ; the axle is square, with 

 the exception of the ends, each of which is rounded so as to turn in the 

 opening. A workman draws out this barrow full of earth and rock and draws 

 it back empty. Miners also have another wheelbarrow, larger than this 

 one, which they use when they wash earth mixed with tin-stone on to which 

 a stream has been turned. The front end-board of this one is deeper, in 

 order that the earth which has been thrown into it may not fall out. 



A — Small wheelbarrow. B — Long planks thereof. C — End-boards. D — Small 

 WHEEL. E — Larger barrow. F — Front end-board thereof. 



