6l2 



APPENDIX B. 



The importance of the bearing of the junctions of veins and stringers on enrichment is elabor- 

 ated upon, and veins of east-west strike lying upon a south slope are considered the best. 

 From the following notes it will be seen that two or three other types of deposits besides veins 

 are referred to. 



In describing silver veins, of peculiar interest is the mention of the association of bismuth 

 {wi-ifnuth) , this being, we believe, the first mention of that metal, galena [glantz), quartz (queriz), 

 spar (spar), horns tone (hornsiein), ironstone and pyrites (kies), are mentioned as gangue 

 materials, " according to the mingling of the various vapours." The term glasertz is used, 

 but it is difficult to say if silver glance is meant ; if so, it is the first mention of this mineral. 

 So far as we know, this is the first use of any of the terms in print. Gold alluvial is described, 

 part of the gold being assumed as generated in the gravel. The best alluvial is in streams 

 running east and west. The association of gold with pyrites is mentioned, and the pyrites is 

 found " in some places as a complete stratum carried through horizontally, and is called a 

 schwebender gang." This sort of occurrence is not considered very good " because the work 

 of the heavens can be but little completed on account of the unsuitability of the position." 

 Gold pyrites that comes in veins is better. Tin is mentioned as found in alluvial, and also in 

 veins, the latter being better or worse, according to the amount of pyrites, although the latter 

 can be burned off. Tin-stone is found in masses, copper ore in schist and in veins sometimes 

 with pyrites. The ore from veins is better than schist. Iron ore is found in masses, and 

 sometimes in veins ; the latter is the best. " The iron veins with good hanging- and foot- 

 " walls are not to be despised, especially if their strike be from east to west, their dip to the 

 " south, the foot-wall and outcrop to the north, then if the ironstone is followed down, the 

 " vein usually reveals gold or other valuable ore". Lead ore is found in schwebenden gang 

 and stehenden gang. Quicksilver, like other ore, is sometimes found in brown earth, and 

 sometimes, again, in caves where it has run out like water. The classification of veins is the 

 same as in De Re Metallica.^^ The book generally, however, seems to have raised Agricola's 

 opposition, for the quotations are given in order to be demolished. 



Probierbiichlein. Agricola refers in the Preface of De Re Metallica to a work in German 

 on assaying and refining metals, and it is our belief that it was to some one of the little assay 

 books published early in the i6th century. There are several of them, seemingly revised 

 editions of each other ; in the early ones no author's name appears, although among the 

 later editions various names appear on the title page. An examination of these little books 

 discloses the fact that their main contents are identical, for they are really collections of 

 recipes after the order of cookery books, and intended rather to refresh the memory of those 



grower m^ ^ 



fem/anflf<Bolb/Silber/Cupffeu/ 



Vttb Bley/2tttcb alletUy tHetall 



»Hema»bte$0m}QArbayteti vxi 



pcobietenfolU 



twfrfem/BercfletJtctt/ tft tcMffUi^tl 



&erlttet4U3& nnQ mtcgroffent jit^^i^ 



(4met»gei>rad)c. 



^*See p. 44 



