EUROPEAN TIMBER 63 



called ebony. Employed by the Tunbridge ware manu- 

 facturer for some of his best work, especially that which 

 is to be painted in water colour. 

 Weight 47 Ibs. per cubic foot. 



Bruyere, commonly called briar (Erica arboria), a species 

 of heath which grows in the south of Europe, the roots of 

 which produce a fine, hard wood used in large quantities for 

 tobacco pipes. The Australian myall and the Austrian 

 cherry are used for the same purpose. 



Hazel (Corylus avellana) is a native of Britain and parts 

 of Europe, and grows plentifully in the Home Counties ; is 

 a reddish white, soft, highly elastic wood, but not durable ; 

 the smaller branches and stems are used for crates, hoops 

 for barrels, stakes, etc., and the larger wood is made into 

 charcoal for forges and for artists' crayons. The roots are 

 sometimes used by cabinet-makers for veneers. It is a 

 hazel which the " water diviner " often uses in his art. 



Hawthorn (Cratcegus oxyacantlid) , a well-known tree, will 

 grow in some situations to a height of 40 ft. and con- 

 siderable girth ; the wood is hard and tough, but it is not 

 much used except occasionally by turners. It is yellowish 

 white in colour, of fine grain, and takes a good polish. It 

 is one of the substitutes for boxwood. 



Walnut. The Common Walnut (Juglans regia), is a native 

 of Persia and the Himalayas, but for a long time has been 

 cultivated in Europe. It is a lofty tree, some 60 to 90 ft. 

 high with large bole ; the wood is much valued and chiefly 

 used by cabinet-makers and for furniture ; the wood of 

 young trees is nearly white and but little esteemed, that 

 of old trees is brown, veined and shaded with darker 



