290 



TIMBER 



Eingshakes or Cupshakes are openings in the annual 

 rings in the butt ends of logs which separate the rings 

 from one another, leaving an opening between the layers 



FIG. 45. Cupshake. 



FIG. 40. Bingshake. 



of wood into which one can sometimes insert a thin rule 

 for 18 inches or 2 ft. ; sometimes they go right round the 

 log, in other cases only partially round (see Figs. 45 and 46). 



FlG. 47. Cupshake often 

 found in pitch pine. 



FIG. 48. Showing the effect of cup or 

 ring shake when the timber is cut up. 



A rather characteristic feature of many pitch pine logs is 

 the peculiar cupshake, often formed like a note of 

 interrogation (Fig. 47) .* The effects of cup and ring shake 

 when timber is cut up is shown by Fig. 48. 



1 In the illustration this happens to be shown in the opposite 

 direction. 



