THE TIMBERS OF COMMERCE 



and leave the carbonized wood. Solution olive-brown deepening 

 to olive upon the addition of potash : extremely little ppt. 



Grain. Very fine, dense and close. Surface dull. 



Bark. Reddish-brown, f to inch thick, rough but not fis- 

 sured or scaly : of two layers, the inner about f ths of the total 

 thickness, compact and woody : the outer brittle. " Very 

 rough " (24). 



Uses, etc. " Supple, tough, cart-wheels, shafts, ships' 

 timbers, not plentiful and generally small " (24). "Almost 

 incombustible, very tough and durable, a small, strong timber, 

 used for sleepers, railings, etc., in exposed places" (60). " Apt to 

 split " (3). Works almost as easily as English Beech : when 

 planed the grain " picks up " badly in one direction. 



Authorities. Laslett (60), p. 311. Smith (3), p. 212. Kew 

 Guide (57), p. 76. Collinson (24). 



Colour. Heart-wood, brown, sharply defined from the sap- 

 wood. " White " (in). " Light, dull brown " (57). 



Anatomical Characters. Quite different to those of E. Kirtoni 

 and E. grandis. Transverse section : 



Pores. Need lens, size 3-4, considerable variation : in short, 

 radial, subdivided groups of 2 to 8 between the rays : widely 

 scattered : few, 3 to 20 per sq. mm. 



Rays. Just visible : broad in the middle and tapering to fine 

 ends: "middles" size 4-5 and 2-3 per mm., together with 

 "ends" about 10 per mm. The rays occupy more than half 

 -of the transverse surface. Slightly lighter in shade and denser 

 than the ground-tissue. 



Rings. Doubtful ; there is an occasional zone rather poorer in 

 pores but no definite boundary. 



Soft-tissue. None. 



Pith. ? 



Radial Section. Pores, fine scratches. Rays, fine lines, just 

 visible more by contrast of lustre than of colour. Rings, scarcely 

 indicated if at all. 



Tangential Section. As the Radial, but the rays are minute, 

 colourless, spindle-shaped lines rather broad for their length and 

 about 1-2 mm. high. 



Type specimen authenticated by the Forest Officer to the 

 Government of New Zealand. 



No. 15. TRINCOMALI WOOD. Berria Ammo- 

 nilla. Roxb. (not Klein). 



PLATE II. FIG. 13. 

 Natural Order. Tiliaceae. 

 Synonyms. B. mollis. Wall. Berrya. Gamble. 



16 



