ELDER 



Tangential Section. As the Radial, but the rays are just visible 

 as crowded, brown lines about i mm. high. 



Type specimens from commercial sources. Not authenticated, 

 but from comparison with Hough's section and with the descrip- 

 tions given by both Hough and Sargent, I believe them to be 

 of this species. 



No. 122. DOGWOOD. Cornus Nuttalli. Aud. 



PLATE IX. FIG. 76. 



Natural Order. Cornaceae. 



Synonym. C. florida. Hook (in part). 



Alternative Names. "Western Flowering Dogwood" (66). 



Sources of Supply. United States of America, Canada. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight, 46 Ibs. (49). 

 I possess no further information, not having a solid specimen. 



Grain. Extremely fine. Surface rather dull. 



Bark. "Very smooth and of a grey-brown colour mottled 

 whitish in patches. On very large trees it is of a red-brown 

 colour checked on the surface into small, thin, appressed scales." 



(49)- 



Uses, etc. " Fairly abundant (in British Columbia), often 

 attains a size of 12 inches in diameter, by 30 feet in height " 

 (2). "Valuable for turnery, tool-handles, mallets, and metal- 

 spinners' forms" (49). "A small slender tree rarely 45 m. in 

 diameter, wood exceedingly hard and strong " (no). 



Authorities. Macoun (66), p. 190. Anderson (2), p. 14. 

 Hough (49), part viii. p. 38. Sargent (100), p. 91. 



Colour. " Heart-wood red-brown, does not appear how- 

 ever until the tree is upwards of 40 to 50 years old : . . . the 

 abundant sap-wood is of a creamy-white colour" (49). " Heart- 

 wood pinkish " (2). " Light-brown tinged with red " (100). 



Anatomical Characters. As in C. florida No. 121, but the pores 

 are larger, size 4, and 40-65 per sq. mm., and the rays are smaller 

 size 3-4. The pores are equally numerous in the Autumn 

 wood though smaller than those of the Spring wood. These 

 details are taken from a section by Hough. 



No. 123. ELDER. Sambucus nigra. Linn. 

 PLATE IX. FIG. 77. 



Natural Order. Capri foliaceae. 



Alternative Names. Sureau noir in France (69). Schwartze 

 Holder in Germany (131). 



Sources of Supply. Europe, West Asia, North Africa. 

 Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight, 35^-64 Ibs. per 



141 



