ORHAM WOOD 



Bark. Thick (about i inch) : rough, deeply fissured : grey or 

 hoary-brown : corky, rather velvety to the touch. The scales 

 which fall away from time to time are clearly marked off in trans- 

 verse section. Plate XIX. Fie;. 167. 



Uses, etc. " Piles . . . not liable to split, bears nails better 

 than any other timber, exceedingly durable in wet situations 

 . . . naves, tackle-blocks, gunwales . . . stands rough usage 

 without splitting" (95). "Agricultural implements, wheel- 

 stocks, railway ties, bridge timbers,' sills " (100). "Wheel-hubs, 

 axe-handles, for which it is reputed in the U.S.A. to be superior 

 to Hickory, . . . exceedingly tough and strong, is elastic and 

 bends easily" (49). Usually met with in the form of squared 

 logs 12-18 inches square by 12-30 ft. long : seldom imported in 

 the round. 



Authorities. Hough (49), pt. ii. p. 23. Sargent (100), No. 225. 

 C. Robb (95). Stevenson (113), p. 139. Wiesner (131), L. 6, p. 66. 



Colour. Heart- wood light brown not well defined from the 

 thick yellowish or greenish-white sap-wood. 



Anatomical Characters. Almost identical with those of the 

 American Elm, No. 173. Transverse section : 



Pores. A pore-ring of a single, much interrupted row of round 

 or very shortly-oval pores. The gaps in the ring and the re- 

 maining wood occupied by small, closely-packed pores, size 4, 

 the long festoons about half as numerous in each ring as in the 

 American Elm. Well-developed rings rare : my specimens aver- 

 age 18 per inch of radius. 



Radial Section. Pores clear without appearing coarse : they 

 give the wood its caney appearance. 



Tangential Section. Pores not quite so frequent as in the Radial 

 section, but of nearly equal width, being cylindrical. 



Type specimens from commercial sources. Not authenticated 

 but no doubt this species. 



No. 175. ORHAM WOOD. Ulmus sp. 

 PLATE XIII. FIG. 109. 



Natural Order. Urticaceae. 



The popular name by which it is known in England is 

 obviously a corruption of the French " Orme." 



Source of Supply. Canada. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 32 Ibs. per cu. ft. 

 Hardness, etc., as the English Elm, see No. 172. 



Grain. Very coarse and open, coarser than in the English 

 species. 



Used in England as a building timber. Bark. ? 



199 



