WALNUT 



opinions suggest that the wood is perishable in alternate wet and 

 dry. " Little or no value as timber " (60). 



Authorities. Nordlinger (87), p. 528. Ditto (86), vol. iii. 

 p. 56. De Mornay (70), p. 60. Stevenson (113), p. 138. 

 Mathieu (69), p. 431. Holtzapffel (48), p. 101. 



Colour. Yellow, brownish to dark brown heart-wood. Sap- 

 wood reddish-white, 15-20 rings wide, not very well denned from 

 the heart-wood. 



Anatomical Characters. As those of the Western Plane, No. 

 181, with the following variations : 



Rays. Brown : shining : can be separated from a thin section 

 as tough fibres : size 3-4. 



Rings. Often vague in transparent section. 



Pores. Size 3-4. 



Ring-boundary rather wider than the rays. The radial section 

 is of the same shade as the transverse, with a much darker silver 

 grain than in No. 180. This is composed of very conspicuous, 

 lustrous, sharply-contrasting, brown flakes of great beauty. 



Type specimens from commercial sources from North Africa 

 checked by Nordlinger's section. 



No. 183. WALNUT. Juglans regia. Linn. 

 PLATE XIII. FIG. 116. 



Natural Order. Juglandaceae. 



Distribution. Europe and the temperate parts of Asia as far 

 east as Persia. 



Alternative Names. English, Italian, Circassian, Auvergne 

 Walnut, etc. European Walnut in U.S.A. For names in the 

 various Indian dialects, see Gamble and Watt. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 28-49^ Ibs. per 

 cu. ft. Hardness Grade 6, compare Chestnut, Beech, or Oak. 

 Smell none when dry. Taste faintly astringent. Burns well 

 and quietly : embers glow in still air. Solution with water faint 

 brown : afterwards with alcohol none 



Grain. Open, fine to coarse : varies with the cut. Surface 

 lustrous : somewhat cold to the touch. 



Bark. Thick, deeply fissured with a hoary, smooth, leathery 

 exterior : exhibits alternate bands of colour in radial section : 

 smooth when young, with white lenticels. 



Uses, etc. Cabinet-making, gun-stocks, turnery. " Tough 

 and flexible " (68). Usually met with in the log as felled, or in 

 waney-edged planks. " The Black Sea Walnut comes to hand 

 in square waney-edged logs, 6-9 ft. long by 10-18 inches square : 

 also burrs. The Italian in planks or ' thick-stuff,' 4-9 in. thick 

 by 10-16 in. broad by 5-12 ft. long : also burrs " (60). 



209 ? 



