THE TIMBERS OF COMMERCE 



Synonyms. Populus canadensis. Mich, (not Fouger., nor 

 Moench.)- P- deltoidea, Marsh. 



Alternative Names. Lace-wood (I. and S.). Peuplier Suisse : 

 Peuplier de Virginia : Peuplier monilifere (8). Big Cottomvood : 

 Necklace Poplar : Carolina Poplar (100). Poplar (95). Katoen- 

 hout (51). Wollpappel (131). 



Source of Supply. North America. Canada and the United 

 States. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 24-34! lt> s - 

 per cu. ft. Hardness Grade 7, compare Deal. Smell or taste 

 none. Burns well without aroma : embers glow in still air. 

 Solution very faint brown. 



Grain. Very fine, open. Surface of the ground-tissue lus- 

 trous and silky : the pores shining, the rays dull. 



Bark. Very thick, dark chocolate-brown with conspicuous 

 and curious marking where the scales are commencing to separate 

 in the inner part of the bark. 



Uses, etc. Carpentry. " Not strong, compact, liable to warp 

 in drying . . . ship-building, paper-pulp, light packing-cases, 

 fence-boards, fuel . . . about 80-100 ft. high by 40-80 inches in 

 diam." (100). " Carving . . . durable in dry places . . . does 

 not readily take fire . . . soft, light, easy to work . . . wooden 

 polishing- wheels " (95). 



Authorities. Mathieu (69), p. 496. Sargent (100), No. 324. 

 C. Robb. (95). Hutchins (51). Macoun (66), p. 457. Wiesner 

 (131), L. 6, p. 61. Irvin and Sellers (I. and S.). 



Difficult to distinguish from other Poplars when once cut up, 

 and easily confounded with Canary Whitewood and other white 

 woods. 



Colour. White : yellowish-white : brownish-white : in light 

 and dark bands : " slightly reddish " (69). 'Often silvery- white 

 in longitudinal section. 



Anatomical Characters. Transverse section. Compare No. 

 207. 



Pores. On the limit of vision, size 2-3, little variation, smaller 

 in the Autumn zone in wide rings but not diminishing in narrow 

 rings, uniformly scattered with a .tendency to loose, wavy, 

 straggling lines : very numerous, 50-75 per sq. mm. : mostly 

 pairs but also subdivided, radial groups (of as many as 10 in the 

 outer part of the ring) which sometimes extend into the following 

 year's ring. 



Rays. Just visible, size 5-6, uniform : equidistant, about 

 the width of a large pore apart : very weak : bad to count : avoid 

 the large pores : denser than the ground-tissue : numerous 7-8 

 per mm. 



Rings. Very clear : boundary the dense Autumn zone ad- 



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