CANADIAN JUNIPER 



Grain. Very fine, smooth, dense and even. Surface bright. 

 Bark. " Brownish-red, thin, fibrous " (37). 

 Uses, etc. Turnery. " Rated third class at Lloyd's " (60). 

 " Very tenacious, compact, durable : works very freely and easily " 



(69). 



Authorities. Nordlinger (86), vol. iii. p. 7. Schwartz (106), 

 p. 477. Macoun (66), vol. iii. p. 462. Holtzapffel (48), p. 88. 

 Westermeier (129), p. 62. Gamble (37), p. 411. Wiesner (131), 

 L. 7, p. 161. Mathieu (69). 



Colour. Brown or nut-brown. " Brownish-yellow " (69). 

 " Reddish or pale violet in places " (131). In alternate dark and 

 light zones, sharply defined from the white or yellowish-white sap- 

 wood. Heart slightly excentric. 



Anatomical Characters. As J. virginiana, No. 225. Transverse 

 section : 



Pores or resin ducts absent. 



Rays. Need lens, very fine, size 7, or rather less : scarcely 

 visible with lens : denser than the ground-tissue and very slightly 

 deeper in colour : 10-18 per mm. : apparently one between each 

 row of cells. 



Rings. Very clear : boundary darker in colour : not often 

 more than a mere line : contour undulating in long, gentle waves. 



Ground-tissue. Pearly in a transparent section. 



Pith. ? 



Radial Section. Rays narrow, inconspicuous, slightly darker 

 bands. Rings very distinct. 



Tangential Section. As the radial, but the rays appear as in- 

 numerable brown dots about i mm. high : neither the cells nor 

 the resin-drops are visible with a 2 in. lens (micro.) : loops of the 

 rings scarcely fringed : resin-containing cells appear in the sap- 

 wood. 



Type specimens from commercial sources not authenticated, 

 but checked by the specimens in the Museum No. i, Kew. 



No. 227. CANADIAN JUNIPER. Juniperus occi- 

 dentalis. Hook, (not Hort. or Gord). 

 PLATE XVI. FIG. 139. 



Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. J. excelsa, Pursh. J. virginiana, Linn. 



Alternative Names. Pencil- wood (2). Western Red Cedar 

 (66). Yellow Cedar: Western J uniper : Calif ornian Juniper (49). 



Sources of Supply. Canada and the United States of America. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight about 36 Ibs. 

 per cu. ft. Hardness Grade 7, compare Deal. Smell and 

 taste similar to those of J. virginiana (Pencil Cedar), but the aroma 



257 s 



