THE TIMBERS OF COMMERCE 



Radial Section. Plate XXIII. Fig 181. Lighter in shade and 

 more lustrous than the Transverse section : Rays minute, readily 

 visible, brown flakes, giving the wood a speckled appearance. 

 Rings : vague streaks, if any indication of the boundaries, 

 no smoky lines or bands. 



Tangential Section. As the Radial, but the rays need lens, and 

 are then plainly visible red lines about i mm. high. 



Type specimens from commercial sources and also authenti- 

 cated by the Forest Officer to the Government of New Zealand. 



Perceval (91) states that there are thirteen species of Kauri in 

 New Zealand, but there are not so many species of Agathis. 



No. 234. WESTERN HEMLOCK. Tsuga Merten- 

 siana. Carr. 



Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. Pinus Mertensiana, Bong. P. canadensis. Bong., 

 var. B. P. Pattoniana, McNab. Abies Pattoni, McNab. A. 

 Albertiana, Murray. 



Sources of Supply. United States and Canada. 



Alternative Names. Hemlock in British Columbia (2). This 

 is not the more familiar species known by that name. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 36^ Ibs. per 

 cu. ft. (100). 



Uses, etc. " Not strong, . . . coarse lumber " (100). "Often 

 very large and over 150 ft. high . . . yields a good wood, but has 

 not been much used " (66). " Abundant along the whole coast of 

 British Columbia. For many purposes just as serviceable as 

 woods which cost more : has been suggested as being suitable 

 for paving blocks . . . liable to decay if exposed to the wet, 

 but has never been fairly tested . . . could be transported to 

 shipping points without great expense " (65). 



Authorities. Macoun (66), p. 471. Ditto (65), p. 36. Sargent 

 (100), p. 36. 



Colour. " Light brown tinged with yellow . . . the sap- 

 wood nearly white " (100). Other details are lacking, as I have 

 no solid specimen. 



No. 235. COMMON SPRUCE. Picea excelsa. Link. 



PLATE XVI. FIG. 137. 

 Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. Abies excelsa, DC. A. picea, Mill. Picea vul- 

 garis, Link. Pinus abies, L. P. excelsa, Lam. (not Wall). 



Alternative Names. Norway, Russian, etc., Spruce from the 

 place of origin. Norway Spruce in United States of America (46). 

 White Fir (60). White Deal : Spruce Fir. Faux Sapin : Sapin 



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