THE TIMBERS OF COMMERCE 



Alternative Names. Single Spruce (60). Schimmel Fichte : 

 Echte, Deutsche or Weiss-tanne. Sapin blanc : Epinette 

 blanche (92). 



Sources of Supply. Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky 

 Mountains and north-west to Alaska. United States, Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick to twenty miles of the Arctic Sea 

 (Richardson). 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight 25^-32^ Ibs. per 

 cu. ft. Hardness Grade 7, compare European Spruce. The 

 Summer wood is as soft as that of Sequoia : the Autumn about 

 as the same as that of the Common Spruce (P. excelsa). Smell 

 when burning faint but pleasant. Otherwise as Picea excelsa. 



Grain. Straight, compact. Surface lustrous, satiny. 



Bark. Thin, brown : not rough, scaling in very small flakes. 



Uses, etc. "Construction, musical instruments, paper-pulp 

 . . . sonorous . . . not distinguished from Black Spruce in 

 commerce " (49). Moderately strong. 



Authorities. Kew Cat. Conif. (58), p. 48. Laslett (60), p. 376. 

 Hough (49), pt. iv. p. 43. Macoun (66), vol. iii. p. 469. Ditto 

 (65), p. 94. Petsch (92), p. 105. Sargent (100), p. 204. 



Colour. " Yellowish- white : sap-wood hardly distinguish- 

 able from the heart-wood " (49). Pure white. 



Anatomical Characters. As those of Pinus sylvestris and Picea 

 excelsa, Nos. 242 and 235. 



Pores or vertical resin-ducts scarce but readily visible. The 

 great difference in hardness between the Summer and Autumn 

 woods of this species is almost the only character that can be used 

 to distinguish this wood from that of P. excelsa. 



Pith. Brown : about 0*5 mm. wide : apparently winged. 



Type specimen authenticated by Hough. 



No. 237. WESTERN SPRUCE. Picea sitchensis. 



Traut. (Carr.) 

 PLATE XVI. FIG. 137. 



Natural Order. Coniferae. 



Synonyms. Pinus sitchensis, Bong. Pinus Menziesii, Lindl. 

 Abies sitchensis, Lindl. A. Menziesii, Dougl. 



Alternative Names. Menzies Spruce (66). Tide-land Spruce 

 (49). Californian Coast Spruce (60). Black Spruce (12). Silk 

 Spruce (79). 



Sources of Supply. Canada (British Columbia) and the United 

 States in the West. 



Physical Characters, etc. Recorded dry-weight about 26| Ibs. 

 per cu. f*. (49). Hardness Grade 7, compare Alder. Taste 



266 



