SCALE OF MEASUREMENT 



Grades of Hardness. 



1. Excessively hard. Lignum- vitae, Ebony. 



2. Extremely hard. Boxwood, Lilac, Jarrah, Karri, Blue 



gum. 



3. Very hard. Whitethorn, Blackthorn, Per- 



simmon. 



4. Hard. Hornbeam, Elder, Yew, Laburnum. 



5. Rather hard. Ash, Holly, Plum, Common Elm. 



6. Firm. Teak, Chestnut, Beech, Walnut, 



Apple, Oak. 



7. Soft. Willow, Deal, Horse Chestnut, 



Alder, Australian Red Cedar, 

 Birch, Hazel, English Cherry, 

 Canary Whitewood. 



8. Very soft. White Pine (American), Poplar, Lime, 



Sequoia. 



NOTE. The abundance of examples in some cases and the paucity in 

 others is owing to the desire to keep the types within the 

 scope of the list of species dealt with in the descriptive part of 

 the book. It would be useless to give such as are difficult 

 to procure. Those given between brackets are put in for the 

 sake of completeness, but neither the sizes nor the examples 

 are employed here. 



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