( 25 ) [GIF 



they should be " cleat ed." Before seasoning the ends 

 should be whitewashed, as it does not attract or retain the 

 heat from the sun's rays. The formula of the United States 

 Government for whitewash is: To 10 parts of best freshly 

 slaked lime add one part of hydraulic cement. Mix well 

 with salt water and apply quite thin. 



Checked Sarking. Sawn boarding for covering roofs under the 

 slates, usually in. in thickness and cut for overlapping. 



Cherry (Common = Cerasus vulgaris ; Wild, Black-fruited = 

 Cerasus sylvestris). A home-grown fancy wood. Very firm 

 and close grained when seasoned. Mainly used by cabinet 

 makers, but also for wooden shoe pegs and the small branches 

 for pipes. 



Chestnut. See " Horse Chestnut " and " Sweet Chestnut." 



Chimney. A French term which shows the source from which 

 we obtained those useful constructional features. The 

 term embraces the " fire-place," and yields as its accessories 

 " chimney-piece," " chimney-shaft," " chimney-pot," etc. 

 They were not known in England before the twelfth century, 

 and then only sparingly in castle building. Instances sur- 

 vived into the last century of rural chimneys wrought in 

 wood or clay passages for smoke. 



Chip Breaker. A pressure bar in front of the cutter knives in 

 a planing machine, which is designed to prevent splinters 

 from being torn from the face of a board as it passes through 

 the machine. 



Chipped Grain. A defect in timber caused by the grain of the 

 wood being torn out in patches by the action of the planer 

 knives. 



Chipping Machines and Chips. The original form of the " plan- 

 ing machine " with top, bottom and side chippers, but no 

 fixed knives, hence not producing shavings in dressing or 

 preparing boards or flooring a mode that survives in 

 " moulding machines," where the work is done on the 

 principle of " chipping." The Americans favour the " chip- 

 ping process " to a more pronounced extent than is practised 

 in Europe. 



Chocks. Pieces of hardwood employed on shipboard to aid in 

 the support of various articles such as anchor chocks, rudder 

 chocks, boat chocks, etc. 



Christiania Standard. A measure for timber now seldom used 

 consisting of 120 pieces 11 ft. 9 in. x 1J in. = 103 |cub. ft. 



C.i.f. A commercial term, " cost, insurance, and freight," mean- 

 ing that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier and agrees 



