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Cleat. Pieces of wood or iron hooping fastened to the end of a 

 board or plank to prevent splitting whilst seasoning. 



Cleft. Made by splitting. 



Clog or Clog-sole. The wooden sole of a shoe ; an old form of 

 footwear common in Lancashire and worn by both sexes. 

 It is a special branch of the timber trade, nearly wholly 

 conducted in " alder- wood " and " birch " (which see). With 

 " clog-soles " are allied " patten-soles." Clog-soles are of 

 two kinds, one mounted to resemble a boot, the other a 

 shoe. 



Cloth Boards. Thin boards used in the textile trades in the 

 centre of a bale of material. Also known as "lapping 

 boards." 



Clump of Trees or Shrubs. A cluster, formerly written plump. 

 It is our word lump, with the initial c added. 



Coarse Grain. Applied to the grain of timber which has 

 wide annual rings. 



Cocobolo. A turnery wood from Central America. 



Cocus Wood (Brya ebenus). A hard, heavy wood from the West 

 Indies. 



Coffer. A variant term for a " chest," " hutch " or " arke." 

 It implies a fitment or object larger than a " box " or " cas- 

 ket," usually of wood. 



Coffin. A case for enclosing a dead body, a term allied to "sar- 

 cophagus " and " coffer." In the eleventh and twelfth 

 centuries they were wrought in stone, but only for persons 

 of distinction. It has been customary, during the last three 

 or more centimes, to make them of wood, and use them for 

 all classes of persons. 



Collar Beam. A beam extending between the two opposite 

 main rafters of a framed principal above the tie beam. In 

 the instance of a " queen-post " roof it may be termed 

 " wind-beam." In a " hammer-beam " roof it becomes in 

 practice, but not in name, a " tie-beam " in an elevated 

 position. See " Hammer-beam." 



Collars. A term when applied to timber, refers to the limbs, 

 arms or topwood. 



Combined Log and Deal Frame. A machine with reciprocating 

 saw frame, with feed rollers which can be used for feeding 

 forward logs or deals and flitches as required. 



Combined Rip and Cross-cut Bench. In which two saws are 

 mounted on separate spindles, one with teeth suitable for 

 cross-cutting, the other for ripping. Either saw is brought 

 into position for work as required. 



