CUR] (32 ) 



Cross-cut Saws. Saws arranged for cutting across the fibres of 

 the wood. ; these require sharp teeth bevelled off to a cutting 

 point, ar:d iu*ve a scribing action. 



Cross-cutting. To cut a board or timber at right angles to the 

 general direction 01 the fibres. 



Cross Grain. As applied to the grain of timber, a piece in which 

 the wood elements or fibres interweave and are not constant 

 in any one direction, but are spiral or twisted. 



Crotch. See " Curl." 



Crowntrees. Wood used in coal mines as sleepers or as sub- 

 structure for pit -props. 



Croze. The cross groove in the staves of cooperage in which the 

 edge of the head is inserted. 



Cruisg. -To estimate the amount and value of standing timber. 



Cruiser. One who cruises or surveys a timber limit. 



Cube. A regular solid body, with six equal square sides. 



Cull, Culls and Culler. Loose terms in the wood-trade (a trads 

 favourable to distortions or extensions) ; properly a beautiful 

 flower plucked in its prime is a " cull," and a lady thus 

 culling is " a culler." (1) The timber merchant, whose imme- 

 diate ancestor was a " woodmonger," dubs a piece of wood 

 he views inferior " a cull," as he " culled " it from some- 

 thing superior, hence " culls " become a distinct class. The 

 " culler " himself is not a man. connected with low or poor 

 quality goods, he " culls " all qualities to the very highest. 

 See ' ' Lathwood Culls. " (2 ) An American term for logs which 

 are rejected or parts of logs deducted in measurement on 

 account of defects. 



GupShake. Curved splits in timber which sometimes separate 

 the annual rings, rendering the timber useless for construc- 

 tive purposes. Spanish chestnut may be mentioned as a 

 timber liable to this defect, also Oak, Elm, Lignum Vit;o 

 and other woods. 



Curb. Circular wood frames used in well-sinking. 



Curb Rafters. The upper rafters of a Mansard roof. 



Curb Roof. Another name for a mansard roof (which see). 



Curl, A curl is that part of the stern of a tree where the heart 

 of the branches meet. They may occur, in a more or 

 loss degree, in all trees, but are notable and much sought 

 after when produced from the mahogany tree. At times, 

 in the mahogany trade, they are described as '' fans," 

 "crutches" or "crotches," the latter being an American term. 



