(33 ) [CUS 



urly Grain. As applied to the grain of timber, pieces in which 

 the fibres undulate, but do not cross each other. When 

 the undulations are large, wood is said to be wavy grained. 



urve. A crooked line that departs gradually from the straight 

 direction. 



ustom. Long established practice existing from time immemo- 

 rial. If a general practice in the realm it is part of the 

 common law. If a local practice its existence must be proved 

 in Court according to law. For a custom, immemorial exist- 

 ence is essential, otherwise it may be only Usage (ivhich see) 



UStom of Port. A usage prevailing at a port in question. 

 See " Custom of Port of London." 



iistoin of the Port of London. As far as overside goods are 

 concerned the decision in a legal case explains the position. 

 " The following custom of the Port of London is a rea- 

 sonable, certain, and valid one namely, that in the 

 case of cargoes of goods (including both Baltic and 

 pitch pine timber) the receiver, instead of being liable to 

 receive the goods from the ship's tackle alongside 

 into craft, is liable only to provide sufficient craft 

 alongside ready to receive the goods, and is under no obli- 

 gation to have any men thereon to receive the goods from 

 the ship's tackle or to stow the goods therein, and the ship- 

 owner is bound to do the whole work of delivering the goods 

 into barges whether dock company's barges or outside 

 barges, and of stowing the goods therein in the reasonable 

 and ordinary manner, so that the goods may not be damaged 

 or imperilled, and so that the barges may be loaded to the 

 usual and reasonable extent and may be safely and properly 

 navigable." (Glasgow Navigation Co. v. W. W. Howard 

 Bros. & Co., 1920, 26 T.L.R. 247.) 



The same custom also applies to goods landed on the 

 quay. 



istom Sawing. An American expression for the sawing of 

 timber under contract prices per 1,000 board feet. 



istomary Measure. A form of measure established by cus- 

 tom or common usage ; it is the opposite of " actual mea- 

 sure " (which see). It has little application in the wood- 

 trade beyond log or balk timber, in which latter field as 

 in the instance of waney or octagonal logs, measured by 

 callipers it is a measure short of actual. The reverse is 

 the case with round logs measured by string, quarter girth, 

 144 divisor. See " Hoppus's Measure." In the mahogany 

 trade " Brokers' measure " difficult to define is con- 

 sidered fully actual. 



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