DEBJ ( 36 ) 



Dead Rollers. Rollers used for the handling of timber, which 



are not power driven. 

 Deadwood. -The product from dead standing trees, the bark 



and the sapwood of which have rotted away. 



Deal, Batten and Board Ends. Merchantable in the trade, com- 

 mence at 6 ft., and usually end at 8 ft. They are bought 

 at a lower rate than the full lengths and carried on the ships 

 at two-thirds the full chartered rates, but only to the extent 

 required by the captain in stowing his cargo,, in which phase 

 they are termed " deal ends, etc., for stowage." At some 

 ports " lath wood billets " are used instead and at the 

 reduced rates. 



Deal (coniferous wood). A piece of sawn-wood timber, 2 in. 

 to 4 in. in thickness, by 9 in. and over in width. In London 

 and the South an old custom has been tc\.rate all above 9 in. 

 as " planks " ; but in the pitch-pine trade this has become 

 obsolete. Deals, sawn into twelve or more thin, boards, 

 are termed " leads " ; in the " picture-frame " trade " back- 

 boards. ' ' In the pitch-pine export trade the term is applied to 

 pieces 9 in. and up in width, and 3, 4 or 5 in. in thickness. 

 A Quebec deal is a piece of any width and 3 in, and up in 

 thickness. 



Deal Frames. These are similar in principle to a log frame, but 

 usually have vertical feed rollers instead of horizontal ones 

 which keep the deal up to a fence and thus obtains straight 

 cutting. 



Deal or Plank Sizes. Imply sawn goods of 9 in. and upwards ; 

 but when, exceeding 11 in. in width they are further usually 

 defined as " broad deals " or " broad planks." 



Deal-carrier. Usually a member of a gang of men whose busi- 

 ness or calling is to carry deals from his mate, the " hicker " 

 (see "Hick and Kicking"), to his mate, the " stower " 

 (which see). This work at some ports and towns is done 

 on the shoulder protected by a leather pad sometimes 

 transferring a part of the load to the other shoulder by the 

 aid of a " hand-stick " placed across and tailing under the 

 piece carried ; which, by pulling down the head-end, brings 

 weight upon the otherwise unworking shoulder. In the 

 instance of London, and some other ports, the goods are 

 carried in a slanting position on the backs of the men. 



Debenture is a deed of acknowledgment of debt by a company 

 and usually contains a charge on the company's property 

 as security for the debt. 



Debenture Timber. A term used for imported timber used for 

 mining and similar purposes, and which is more nearly 

 round than square. 



