[ELM ( 44 ) 



wall, and not overhang neighbouring properties, which latter 

 would register the fact that the owner had no " right of 

 eavedropping " over his neighbour's land or properties. 

 See " Eave and Eaves." 



Ebony . A hard and durable dark coloured, mostly East Indian, 

 wood, black, green, brown or red, in which the colours may 

 be mixed. The black wood is the product of Diospyros 

 ebenus, and is considered the best, but not the most valuable, 

 which honour belongs to " coromandel-wood," varied, parti 

 coloured and veined, rarely seen other than in veneer-form 

 for high-class work. Fuller says a negro is " God's image 

 cut in ebony." 



Edge Grain. An American term applied to lumber when it is 

 sawn along the radius of the annual rings, that is the edge 

 of the annual rings shown on the face. Principally used 

 in reference to flooring, which is commonly produced in 

 this way. Synonymous with Comb Grain and Vertical 

 grain (which see). 



Edger. A machine used in sawmills to square-edge waney boards. 



Edge Tool and Edge Tools. A steel instrument having a sharp 

 edge, the manufacture of which is a special or distinct class 

 of trade. Its headlines are the coarser or commoner class of 

 tools or instruments, such as " plane-irons," " chisels," 

 " axes," " adzes," " gauges," etc. 



Edging Benches. See also " Lumber Trimmer " and " Slashers," in 

 which two or more saws, the distance between which is easily 

 adjustable, are used for edging planks and boards, the wood 

 being fed forward by powerful roller feed. 



Egyptian Balks. Small square timbers 3 in. x 3 in. to 5 in. x 5 in. 

 Squareness is here a trade-term only ; in practice a 3-in. balk 

 may have, and usually has, a 3-in. round top. The log may 

 have had a 6-in. or larger bottom, and when hewn possess a 

 3-in. square butt and hold its square half length up, the top 

 part more or less being waney ; larger squares ditto. 



Elm. The English name of the different species of the genus 

 Ulmus of Linnaeus. There are many species, about a third 

 of which are natives of Britain. They yield a useful wood 

 whose durability is most marked in water. Operators who 

 habitually work upon it do not claim that its odour is pleasing, 

 as is generally the case with oak. Introduced into England 

 by the Romans. The common elm is (J. campcstris ; the 

 Dutch elm, U. suberosa ; the Cornish elm, U. nitens ; and the 

 wych elm, U. Montana. The last named is mostly found 

 in the North of England and Scotland. 



