ANT] ( 4 ) 



rubra), from the States and Canada. The former, from 

 colour and texture, is the best. The shipments have under- 

 gone a change from the crude log form to that of planks and 

 boards, the latter being artificially dried and ready for con- 

 sumption in furniture, fittings, flooring, etc. These oaks do 

 not rank so high as wainscots of European or Japanese origin. 

 American oak finds a great outlet in the frames of railway 

 wagons. See " Oaks." 



American Yellow Poplar. -See " Whitewood." 



Ammeter. A meter for measuring the number of amperes of 

 electricity being used at any particular moment. 



Ampere. Represents the quantity of electric current used irre- 

 spective of its strength (or voltage). When amperes are 

 multiplied by the number of volts (representing the strength 

 of the current) the results are termed watts. 



Angle Bar. The upright bar of wood which stands at the 

 extremity of each angle of a polygonal window or canopy, 

 and reaching from the bottom to the top of the window ; also 

 the angular timbers of a spire, or anything built in a pyra- 

 midal or prismatic form. 



Angle Bead. A bead fixed vertically upon the exterior or salient 

 angle of an apartment, to preserve it from injury, and to 

 serve as a guide to float the plaster. A variant term for the 

 above is " Staff-bead." 



Angle Braces or Angle Ties. Pieces of wood fastened across 

 the angles of square and other angular frames in order to 

 strengthen the joints of those parts and to keep the frames in 

 proper shape. 



Angle Rafter. A rafter placed in the line of meeting of the in- 

 clined planes of a hip-roof, sometimes called a Hip Rafter. 



Angle Rib. A curved piece of wood placed at the angles of groined 

 ceilings. 



Angle Staffs. Staffs, 1 to 1J in. square, grooved or flattened at 

 one corner and fixed vertically at external angles of windows, 

 doors, etc., where two surfaces of plaster meet, in order to 

 render this part stronger, and avoid the liability of the 

 plaster in such circumstances being broken or damaged. 

 See " Angle Bead," which serves a like purpose but involves 

 two quirks in the plaster. 



Annual or Annular Layers. The yearly growth of the tree, defined 

 by concentric circles in exogens. 



Anti-Sap Stain. A process of dipping timber in a chemical 

 solution, usually carbonate of soda, to prevent the sapwood 

 becoming discoloured on exposure to the air. 



