AIL] ( 2 ) 



are edible, and all more or less food for swine ; also used in 

 preference to oak-bark for tanning purposes. 



Actual Measure. The measure in full, according to the system of 

 measurement employed. It is often the opposite of " cus- 

 tomary measure " (which see}. In the flooring trade the 

 term is used to distinguish between the nominal measure 

 before manufacture and the actual width and thickness of 

 the boards after planing. 



Ad valorem. -A term meaning in proportion to value. An " ad 

 valorem " duty is a duty at a certain percentage on the value 

 of the goods. 



Address Commission. A customary charge paid by shipowners for 

 services rendered in connection with the ship at loading port. 



Adze. A tool used for paring and smoothing the surface of a log 

 of wood. The head is swung in a circular path, at right angles 

 to the handle, and it is used as a paring tool for smoothing 

 work and squaring up round logs. 



Adzing and Boring Machines for Sleepers. These machines adze 

 the seatings for the chairs or rails across a railway sleeper, and 

 bore the spike or bolt holes for holding them securely in place. 

 There are a mimber of designs, some quite automatic in action 

 and others only semi-automatic. 



Adzing Machines for Sleepers. These machines plane the seatings 

 for the chairs or rails of railway sleepers. The work is done 

 by means of revolving cutter blocks, and the sleepers are 

 carried either over or under these blocks by an endless feed 

 chain. See also " Adzing and Boring Machines for Sleepers." 



Affidavit. -A written statement in legal proceedings, signed by 

 the person making the same, and sworn by him to be true 

 before a Commissioner for Oaths. A declaration to a state- 

 ment not in legal proceedings, declared to be true before a 

 Commissioner. 



Afforest. To turn ground into forest. 

 African Oak. See " Oak." 



After Growth. Young trees that have sprung up tlirough re- 

 production, clearances and cuttings. Sometimes called 

 "second growth" or "stooled," as "stooled ash." Con- 

 sidered as young wood stronger than wood of mature trees, 

 although experiments made by forest authorities in America 

 with Ash and Hickory have proved the fallacy of this idea. 



Agenda. The order of business to be gone tlirough at a meeting. 

 Agent. An agent is one who acts as agent on behalf of a principal. 

 Ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa), known as the "Tree of Heaven." 



