( 49 ) [FIG 



" close-boarded," " capped " or otherwise treated archi- 

 tecturally. The material may be oak, fir, chestnut or less- 

 used woods, whole, riven, sawn, rough or square ; as a 

 " ring-fence " it may encircle an estate or consist of a wall 

 or hedge as a park-fence, or the palisade or fence of a house. 

 Applied to machinery, it is at once a " guide," as to a saw, 

 and a " guard " or " defence." 



'ender. A piece of timber or other substance slung over the side 

 of a vessel to protect it in narrow or confined waters ; a 

 " fender-pile," used in open or sheet-piling ; to " fend-off ' 

 a floating or moving body ; a " fire-guard," to limit or 

 counteract the danger or spread of fire in a building. 



'enestra (in architecture). Latin for a window. A term much 

 used on the European continent. In a building imperfectly 

 lighted it is correct English to say " the fenestration is 

 poor," and in the opposite case, " the fenestration is good." 



'iddle Back. A compressed form of figure very pronounced in 

 sycamore wood, hence its selection for " fiddle-backs." See 

 " Ram's Horn," an equivalent term. 



'igure in Mahogany. " Roe " is that alternate streak or 

 flake of light and shade running with the grain, or from end 

 to end of the log. If the streak be regular in size and un- 

 broken, it is thought little of ; but if the flakes be broad and 

 the light and dark parts have a tendency to blend, yet 

 strongly contrast, and are variedly broken in their progress, 

 then, it is considered fine. " Mottle " is that mark in the 

 wood which, in a polished board, at first view appears like 

 something raised upon the surface, and a person not infre- 

 quently feels to ascertain if it be smooth. It is varied in 

 form so much that many names have been used to designate 

 its several kinds, of which the following are some. " Stop 

 Mottle " chiefly arises from angular grain, and is in broad 

 flashes, frequently diverging from a centre like the foot of a 

 bird, in contradistinction to " Fiddle Mottle," which runs in 

 nearly even streaks, as on the back of a fiddle; and " Ram 

 Mottle " is sometimes similar to Fiddle, only it is in larger 

 and longer marks. Mottle runs even across the grain. 

 There are also " Plum " and " Peacock " mottle ; this last 

 resembles the tail of a bird. See also " Mahogany." 



'igure in Woods is an interesting detail. The terms are largely 

 drawn from common objects of a household or familiar 

 character. Oak has the " silver grain " or " plash " ; maple, 

 the " bird's-eye " ; ash, the " ram's horn " ; the "American 

 plane," lacewood, and an Australian tree, "honeysuckle 

 figure " or " wood " ; Burr-pollard oak, " cat's-paw " and 

 " fan figure " ; " satin, wood," from its satiny appearance. 



