

FRI] (54 ) 



Forest Science. Knowledge of all things appertaining to the 

 cultivation and management of forests, including the various 

 trees which may be cultivated to advantage and the uses to 

 which their woods may be put, with the mode of their pro- 

 pagation in various soils. See " Forest and Forester." 



Poxy. -A red tinge in the wood of a tree past maturity, the 

 decay first developing in the butt or root end of the stem, 

 and the tree becomes " stag-headed." 



Frame. An open structure of 6 x 6 x 6 ft., in which to measure 

 small pieces of timber in bulk, such as lath wood, firewood, 

 etc. 



Frame Saw. This machine consists of a fixed horizontal frame, 

 with rollers at short distances apart, in which the wood or 

 tree is laid ; at the end of this is another frame in a vertical 

 position, in which a number of saws are fixed and set as far 

 apart as the desired thickness of the boards to be cut. A 

 rapid up-and-down motion is given to these saws by the 

 machinery, and at the same time the wood is pulled forward 

 on the rollers. This was a common term before machinery 

 came in, and is so now where machinery is not present. It 

 was a large thin-blade pit-saw in a wooden frame, arranged 

 to be worked by two men. In this case it is distinguished 

 from the thicker blade, called the " whip saw." 



Free on Board. Goods placed free alongside and free of all shipping 

 charges or other expenses to the purchasers. Usually con- 

 tracted to " F.o.b." In French " F.a.b." (Franco a bord). 



Freight. Usually means the price payable for the carriage of 

 goods by sea or for the use of a ship or part of a ship for such 

 purpose. The freight is most commonly fixed by the charter- 

 party or bill of lading ; but in the absence of any formal stipu- 

 lations on the subject, it would be due according to the cus- 

 tom or usage of trade. 



Fret or Fretwork. Primarily frieze ornamentation or enrich- 

 ment ; a favourite form of design having its ground or base 

 perforated. The characteristic form of " fret "or " fret- 

 work " in the nineteenth century was that employed for the 

 fronts of pianos, in which it formed the principal ornament. 

 It represents the finest or most intricate form of sawn wood. 



Fret Saw Machine. A saw for cutting fretwork. When driven 

 by power, the machines have a short stroke and run at a very 

 high speed. 



Frieze or Frize. The middle division of an entablature which lies 

 between the architrave and the cornice ; it may be plain or 

 enriched and even sculptured ; sometimes made to swell out 

 in the middle, when it is said to be " cushioned " or " pulvin- 



