( 63 ) [HIC 



Hawthorn (Cratcegus oxyacantha). With the Whitebeam the 

 hardest and toughest of native woods, but now of very 

 little commercial value. Used by engineers, millwrights, 

 turners, and walking stick makers. 



Hazel (Corylus avellana). A soft European wood, very fine and 

 close grained. Of small size and not durable. 



Hazsl Pine. A term used in the American markets for the sap- 

 wood of red gum or satin walnut. 



Heading. The pieces of timber from which a keg or barrel head 

 is cut. 



Headings. The word used for the tops and bottoms of casks 

 and barrels. 



Heartshakes. Clefts or splits that follow the medullary rays 

 from the centre outward. 



Heartwood. In Botany, the English term for duramen, the 

 central part of the trunk of a tree ; the part that is passive 

 in nature, from having undergone a hardening process (which 

 often protects it from animal, insect or fungoid attacks) by 

 the cells and tissues being sealed with secretionary matter 

 peculiar to the individual species of the " hearted tree." 

 See " Spine " and " Satin-wood." 



Hedge. Properly a thicket of thorn-bushes or other shrubs or 

 small trees. Such a thicket planted round a field as an 

 enclosxue changes its complexion ; it becomes the English 

 " haw " and yields " hawthorn." It is the French " haie " 

 that gave the " hays " in our royal forests, and is identical 

 with the Dutch "hague." 



Hedge-carpenter. A maker of gate-post and rail fences, or 

 other matters connected with hedges and enclosures of 

 land. In White's Gazetteer of Notts (1832), ten tradesmen 

 were bracketed at Worksop, as " English Timber Merchants, 

 [hand] Sawyers and Hedge-carpenters." 



Helve. The handle of an axe. 



Hemlock. The hemlock spruce or fir (Tsuga Canadensis) is a 

 useful coniferous wood in general use in Canada. The 

 Western Hemlock (Tsuga Mertensiana), which grows on 

 the Pacific Coast, is heavier and harder and is considered 

 superior to the Eastern variety. 



Hewn. Cut with an axo or adze. 



Hick and Kicking. Are not dictionary words, hence their origin 

 has not been investigated. " To hick " is to raise one end 

 of a piece of wood ; " hicking " is the work of one man in 

 a gang of men unloading a ship or barge of sawn deals or 



