QUE] ( 104 ) 



(now Petrograd) and Canadian sawn goods are " chalk- 

 marked " on the side or edge, the exceptions being " hammer- 

 marked." Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish goods are 

 largely stencilled in red or blue with shipper's marks of 

 quality on the ends. Certain known marks, as " BSSC," 

 indicate the names of the ports from which they are shipped 

 and become their trade names. See " Quality or Qualities " 

 and "Brand and Branded." See "List of Shipping Marks 

 on Timber," published by William Rider & Son, Ltd. 



Quality or Qualities. In sawn goods, timber and lathwood. 

 (a) Merc hant able the commercial standard, (b) Unmer- 

 chantable the wrack, culls or inferior qualities, now largely 

 imported and traded in. Riga wainscot oak is classified 

 (a) English crown ; (6) Dutch crown ; (c) wrack ; now 

 but little, observed; the Riga, Austrian and Odessa ship- 

 ments being understood as " crown " only. See " Quality 

 and Shipping Marks." 



Quants. See " Boathook Shafts." 



Quarter Sawn Lumber. A term, implying wood sawn in a 

 direction transverse to the annual rings, or in an approx- 

 imately radial direction ; a log is appro ximately quar- 

 tered as the first step in the sawing process. Where figxire, 

 as in oak, is only obtained by quarter-sawing it follows 

 that in other woods, such as the pines or firs, their figure, 

 known as " slash-grain," is won by cutting on the line 

 of the annual rings, i.e. tangentially. 



Quartered. Cut into four parts across the grain, same as quarter 

 sawn ; radially, as distinct from tangentially. 



Quartering. Square timber of small scantling, from 3 in. X 

 3 in. to 44 in. x 4 in. 



Quarters. The upright posts of timber partitions, etc., need 

 for lathing upon. 



Quebec Standard. An established measure for timber consist- 

 ing of 100 pieces 12 ft. 11 in. x 2^ in. = 229 cub. ft. 



Queen-post. The suspending posts in the framed principal of 

 a roof, or in a trussed partition. A principal with two posts, 

 as distinct from " King-post " which implies one post only. 

 See " King-post." 



Quei'CUS (see "Oak"). Quercus, the botanical equivalent of 

 " oak," is the old Latin classic term for that tree, and where 

 it occurs in old writing's is translated " oak." The domina- 

 ting British oaks are Quercus pedunculata and Q. sessili- 

 flora, the former only having " stalks "to their flowers or 

 fruit, the wood produced by each species being practically 

 the same. 



