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centric layers at the part affected are not solidified on each 

 other. There is usually no decay of the fibre. 



Ring Rot. Decay in a log, which follows the annual rings more 

 or less closely. 



Rio Deals. An American classification of pitch pine lumber cut 

 to deal sizes, 3 and 4 in. x 9 to 12 in. 



Rip. To cut a board lengthwise, that is parallel to the fibres. 



Ripping. A term applied to sawing with the grain of the wood, 

 i.e., lengthwise, but usually to " fiat-cutting " of deals and 

 boards ; the act of cutting wood the shallow way. See 

 " Cutting." The number of " rips " and " cuts " is thus 

 defined in a saw-mill. 



Riser or Raiser. The vertical surface of a step, where the hori- 

 zontal is the " tread." 



Rive, River and Rived. As in "lath- river " = a " splitter " or 

 " render " of laths (which see) ; "to rive," " to split " and 

 " to rend " meaning one and the same operation ; they 

 are thus variant or interchangeable terms, and 



" The scolding winds 

 Have rived the knotty oaks." Shakespeare. 



Riving Knife. An attachment to open the cut in timber after 

 it has passed the saw, to prevent it jamming the saw; but 

 as a hand instrument, a form of axe used by " lath-rivers." 



Robur. Robur is an old specific term used to define the British 

 oaks, Q. pedunculata and Q. sessiliflora, under one heading, 

 when, as in the time of Linnaeus, they were viewed as 

 " varieties " and not " separate species," as Q. robur, i.e., 

 English or European oak. In the Middle Ages the Latin 

 scribes used this term to imply dead or leafless oak trees 

 gifts of the kings from their forests. 



Rock-laths. A variant term for a strong slate or tile-lath. The 

 name is drawn from the custom of roofing or covering build- 

 ings in some districts with " rock " or " stone-slabs " or 

 " slates." 



Roe Figure. A pecxiliar figure caused by the contortion of the 

 woody fibres, and takes a wavy line parallel to them. See 

 " Figure in Wood," also " Figure in Mahogany." 



Roll Moulding. A round moulding divided longitudinally along 

 the middle, the upper half of which projects over the lower. 



Roller Blocks for Wringing Machines. The dual office of the 

 " wringing and mangling machine " brought to the front a 

 new branch of the wood-trade, that of " roller blocks " or 

 " mangle rollers," made of English and foreign sycamore, 

 until other woods not so suitable in whiteness had to be 



