( 121 ) [SHE 



Shakes are distinguished from checks in having been caused 

 within the tree while standing, by frost, wind or other obscure 

 causes, while checks are a cracking of the timber in the 

 seasoning process, due to the fact that all woods shrink in 

 a larger, though varying, proporton in a transverse than 

 in a radial direction. Round shake is a separation of the 

 wood along the entire line of an annual ring, usually rather 

 close to the heart, so that a round core of wood enclosing 

 the heart is loose from the rest of the tree. By through 

 shake is understood a shake that extends throughout the 

 tree from heart to circumference, although it might be 

 applied to manufactured product and here would merely 

 mean a shake extending through from face to face of the 

 stick. Boxed shake is applied only to manufactxired product 

 and indicates that the interior shake is entirely enclosed 

 within the piece and nowhere reaches the surface of any 

 side or edge. Growth or heart shake is sometimes referred 

 to as star shake and refers to cracks extending outwardly 

 in one or more directions from the heart. These cracks 

 tend to close rather than open in the seasoning process, 

 because as this process produces tension at the circumference 

 of the piece it must produce compression in the centre. 



Shave. An instrument with a long blade and a handle at each 

 end for shaving hoops, a variant term for a " drawing knife " 

 used in dressing telegraph poles (which see, also " Spoke- 

 shave.") 



Shavings (of wood, etc.). Thin slices pared, peeled, scaled, or 

 shaved off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting 

 instrument. 



Shaw. A provincial term for small wood or plantation. 



Sheathing, Open and Matched. Tongued and grooved boarding 

 for roof covering under slates, tiles or shingles. " Open " 

 stands for square-edged boards; "matched" may be vari- 

 antly expressed by " tight sheathing." This terminology 

 is American. " Sheath " is an old Saxon word for " a 

 covering," as of a sword, and is not common to wood, instance 

 " metal " or " copper sheathing " to a ship's bottom ; " ar- 

 mour plates " to a ship's side ; or ship's planking fixed to 

 the ribs. 



Shed, Shedding, and Shedded. Popular terms in the sawn-wood 

 trade which embrace important subjects and need little 

 descriptive text, their office being to protect goods from 

 damage by sun and rain. 



Sheeting. A lining of planks or boards for protecting an embank- 

 ment and trenching for culverts, otherwise termed sheet- 

 piling ; in working in sand the planks are often tongued 



