SPR] ( 130 ) 



Spokes (of a wheel). The rays of a wheel ; small bars inserted in 

 the hub or nave of a wheel ; the round of a ladder ; a hand- 

 spike. See " Hub," " Round," and " Handspike." 



Spokeshave. A finer or superior tool to the " draw-knife " 

 (which see); a two-handled instrument of hardwood with 

 a cutting iron inserted, to work after the manner of a plane. 



Spool. A wooden cylinder or reel used to wind thread or yarn 

 upon. 



Spool Bar. Small squares of timber from which spools are turned. 



Spoolwood. Hardwood imported in small squares for turning 

 into spools and similar material. 



Spout or Spouting. Horizontal wooden, leaden, or iron gutters 

 running along the eaves of buildings to carry off rain-water ; 

 spouts fixed perpendicular are called " wall-spouts," " fall- 

 spouts," or " down- spouts." The latter are now rarely 

 made of wood ; the metal ones (iron and zinc) are called 

 " wall-pipes," " stack-pipes," etc. 



Spout Adze. An adze shaped like a gouge, to chase the hollow 

 or trough of the spoilt in hand-made wooden spouts, which 

 instruments have been practically obsolete since the intro- 

 duction of machinery for spout-making. 



Spout- head or Heads. Head or heads of " wall-spouts," " fall- 

 spouts," or " down-spouts." In the case of wood they are 

 made square in plan, but " hopper-shape " on the front 

 and sides ; where of lead, variant in size and pattern, often 

 highly ornamented, bearing dates, initials, heraldic signs, 

 etc. Those of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are 

 prized and collected as art objects for museums. The 

 modern cast-iron heads are occasionally ornamented and 

 dated. 



Sprag. A billet of wood used to check the motion of a carriage 

 on a gradient. Used also in shunting operations on the 

 railways. 



Spring-set. A saw is spring-set when one tooth is sprung slightly 

 to the right and the next one to the left, and so on alternately 

 throughout the saw. 



Spring-wood. Formed in the spring of the year, and is the 

 inner, lighter coloured and most porous part of an annual 

 ring, layer or zone of wood in an exogenous tree, as the 

 outer, darker and less porous part is the summer-wood 

 (which see ; also " Slash Grain "). It is the joint growth of 

 the " spring " and " summer " woods, and knives, as in 

 rotary veneer-cutting machines, slicing through them that 

 produce the figure known as " bird's-eye " in the sugar 



