SUM] ( 138 ) 



larger " posts " in " post and pan " (which see) or " half- 

 timbering " (ivhich see). Allied, or consequent terms, are 

 " studding " and " stud-partition." (2) A nail with a large 

 head inserted in work chiefly for ornament ; an ornamental 

 knob. 



Stuff, Thick and Thin. Common terms in the converted wood- 

 trade, which extend to the carpenter, joiner and cabinet 

 maker, and even to the makers of wood- working machinery, 

 for the moulding machines. Lightning-planers, etc., are 

 not constructed to deal with " thick stuff." Timber trees, 

 standing, felled, or en route to the sawmills, have not taken 

 on these terms, hence, this heading presents itself as the 

 English equivalent of the mysterious American term 

 " Lumber." See " Thick Stuff " and " Thin Stuff." 



Stump. (1) The stub or part of a tree remaining in the earth 

 after the tree is cut down. (2) 'One of three round pegs, 

 2J ft. long, three of which form the wicket in the game of 

 cricket. 



Stump Orator. In America, a person who harangues the people 

 from the stump of a tree or other chance elevation ; a mob 

 orator. 



Stumpage, and Stumpage Prices. American terms which relate 

 to the current values of standing or felled timber or timber- 

 trees. They are variant terms for " timber " and " timber 

 values," and are distinct from the ubiquitous one of " lum- 

 ber " which only comes on the scene when the timber trees 

 in the hands of the millmen pass into converted stock. See 

 " Lumber." 



Styles. Upright pieces in panelled work. See "Rail." 



Sugar Pine (Pinus Lnmbertiana). A tree growing on the Pacific 

 Coast of North America, known also as Pumpkin Pine. 

 Wood resembles Canadian yellow pine. 



Summer, or Sommer-fceam. A horizontal beam or girder, other- 

 wise " summer-tree," usually a beam mortised for joists. 

 It is one and the same with " Brest-sommer," and implies 

 a beam above the ground level, otherwise its proper name 

 would be a sill. 



Summer Shipment. Shipments during the summer, which, in 

 the United Kingdom, is regarded as extending from 21st 

 June to 22nd September. 



Summer Wood. The outer, darker coloured and least porous 

 part of an annual ring, layer or zone of wood in an exogenous 

 tree, as the inner, lighter coloured and most porous part is 

 the " spring wood ' (which see). The annual rings or 



