( 143 ) [TIL 



Three-ply. Three scale-boards, peeling-boards, veneers or thin 

 boards glued together, the grain of the centre board being at 

 right angles to that of the other two. In instances of more 

 than " three " the stock is termed " multi-ply." See " Ply- 

 wood or Built-up Boards " and " Multi-ply Boards." 



Throat. On a saw, the rounded cavity in which sawdust accumu- 

 lates and is carried from the cut. 



Throwing. (1) The operation of felling timber. (2) Throwing, 

 connected with wood is an old term for " turning of balusters, 

 spindles and parts of turned chairs," still properly termed 

 " throwan chairs," as distinct from " throne chair." The 

 term is still popular in the textile trade, where it inclines to 

 " twisting," as in " thrown silk." See " Thrown or Throwan- 

 chair." 



Thrown or Throw an-Chair. A chair made by a wood-turner, of 

 turned legs, rails, spindles, etc., " thrown " being the old 

 trade- or craft-term for a wood-turner. See " Throwing." 



Thunder Shake. A crude term for a rupture of the fibres of th e 

 tree across the grain, which in some woods does not alway s 

 break through the new or latest layers of wood. 



Tideland Spruce. See " Sitka Spruce." 



Tie Beam. The beam which connects the feet of a pair of princi- 

 pal rafters and prevents them from thrusting out the wall, 

 otherwise " principal beam," as distinct from " hammer- 

 beam " (which see, also " Tension "). 



Ties. An American and Canadian term for railway sleepers. 



Tight Cooperage. Packages, consisting of two round heads and 

 a body composed of numerous staves held together with 

 hoops, which are used as containers for liquids. 



Tight Cooperage Stock. Staves for making barrels intended to 

 hold liquids. 



Tile (the old or obsolete name for "ftricfc"). A plate or form of 

 baked or burnt clay, otherwise " earthenware," vised in 

 various forms for roof-covering, " roofing-tiles," paving or 

 " floor-tiles," and for drainage or sewage purposes " drain- 

 tiles," etc. See " Pantile," " Floor-tile," " Drain-tile," 

 " Wall-tile," " Encaustic-tile," " Roof-tile," and " Pavers." 



Tile-lath or Rock-lath. Wood strips or laths, nailed on the spars 

 or common rafters of a roof after the manner of " slate laths." 

 They take their names, not from their own ligneous sub- 

 stance, but from the class of material they are converted for, 

 or destined to carry, as roof -covering. 



