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and the " glue-side " of veneers, the better to hold glue. 



(3) To prepare wood intended to be covered with cloth. 



(4) To face hardwood, or work in advance of the " scraper " 

 (which see). 



Top Cutting. A term used for the operation of running out or 

 cutting up of the tops of trees into cordwood, stackwood or 

 faggots, and the top cutting of a log or tree to distinguish it 

 from the " bottom cutting " or " butt." 



Top Rail. Horizontal piece of the frame of a door or fence or any 

 framing nearest the top of same. 



Top Sawyer. One who stands above the log and aids in operating 

 a pit saw from the top of the sawpit. Known also as " Top- 

 man." 



Tornado Shake. See " Thunder Shake." 



Torrak. A Swedish term to denote wood sawn from dead trees 

 or trees which have died at the roots. 



Torriuru. Deadwood, synonymous with "Torrak." 



" Torroba " Box. Boxes of which each part is one piece and each 

 piece made of small lumber joined by double- wedge-dovetail- 

 glue- joints. 



Torus. A large moulding used in the bases of columns. Its 

 section is semi-circular, and it differs from the astragal only 

 in size, the astragal being much smaller. It gives name to 

 " Torus-skirting," in which it is a popular moulding on that 

 wrought stock. 



Totara (Podocarpus tobira). A native of New Zealand, producing 

 a valuable wood second only in importance to Kauri pine. 



Touchwood. The wood of willows and some other trees softened 

 by decay. 



Tow. A raft or rafts of floated wood all towed simultaneously by 

 the same means. 



Tracery. (1 ) The ornamental stone or wood- work in the upper 

 part of Gothic windows, screens, etc., formed by the ramifi- 

 cations of the mullioris. The term, drawn from the old 

 French Tracer, is not ancient. (2) The subdivision of 

 groined vaults, or any ornamental design of the same charac- 

 ter, for doors, panelling or ceilings. 



Trams. Short sleepers used in coal mines. 



Transom, Transommer or Cross-beam. (1) A horizontal mullion 

 or cross-bar in a window, etc. (2) In ships, transoms are 

 beams or timbers fixed across the stern post to strengthen the 

 after-part, variantly known as " Main transom," " Half- 

 transoms" and " Transom- knees.'' 



