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U 



Unassorted or Unsorted. All the merchantable pieces together 

 without selection ; the opposite is " assorted " (which see). 



Under. As in" underclerk," "underpin," "underprop," "under- 

 pate," "undergrowth," " undershrub," "undersign," 

 "undersold," "undertaker," "undervaluation," "under- 

 wood," "underwrite," "undersized," are understood trade- 

 terms in daily use, the meaning of which is suggested by 

 their names. See " Over " for their opposites. 



Undercut. The notch cut in a tree to determine the direction in 

 which the tree is to fall, and to prevent splitting. 



Underwood. Generally small trees and bushes that grow under 

 large trees ; coppice, underbrush. Legally in England 

 underwood has been called a species of wood which grows 

 quickly and sends many shoots on one stool, the root remain- 

 ing and producing a succession of new shoots from time to 

 time. 



Underwriter. An Underwriter at Lloyd's, one who insures to a 

 stated amount, so called because he writes his name under 

 the policy. See " Policy of Insurance." 



Universal Moulding Machine. A moulding machine having a top 

 and bottom revolving spindle, the top spindle being fitted 

 into a vertical slide for forming irregular shaped and orna- 

 mental recesses. 



Universal Saw Benches. Saw benches fitted with two spindles 

 with a rip saw on one spindle and a cross-cut on the other. 

 Sometimes called "a combined rip and cross-cut bench." 

 Those known as Universal Benches have canting tables. 



Unmerchantable. Not saleable ; below the commercial standard 

 of quality. See " Merchantable Quality." 



Upsets. Fibres crippled by compression. This is a variant for 

 " Thunder Shakes " (which see). 



Usage. A practice for the time being, as opposed to Custom 

 (which see). 



V 



Valley Rafter. The rafter in the re-entrant angle of a roof. 



