( 155 ) [WAL 



names from being built of posts at intervals of about their 

 own widths, the spaces or panels being made of other partly 

 plastic material. See " Half-timbering " and " Post and 

 Pan." 



Wallboard. See " Beaver Board " and " S.X. Board." 



Wall Boards. Wrought boards, usually narrow and tongued and 

 grooved, used for covering or giving a finished face to walls 

 inside or out ; in the former they are akin to " wainscots " 

 or "wainscoting," plain or panelled, the one being English, 

 the other Dutch or Flemish. 



Wall Handrails (of stone or brick). Occur on or in the walls of 

 " winding " or " corkscrew " staircases ; instance, Tatter- 

 sail castle (stone) and Wainfleet school towers (brick), Lin- 

 colnshire. They consist of large mouldings with small upper 

 beads or rolls, designed for hand- grasp. " Wall handrails 

 of wood " occur commonly attached by " bearers " or 

 " brackets." See " Handrail." 



Wall Plate. A general term applied to nearly all horizontal tim- 

 bers placed in walls as bonds, pads, etc., to receive other 

 timber work. 



Wall-tile or Tiles. A modern form of wall-lining or sanitary facing 

 for bath-rooms, dairies, closets, sculleries, passages, station or 

 refreshment rooms, etc. They are thinner and finer earthen- 

 ware than floor-tiles, if indeed they do not extend to porce- 

 lain. Their quality runs high in flat or raised ornament, colour 

 and glaze, which extends to panels in house-furniture. The 

 higher-class are termed " Fa'ience-ware," from Faenza, in 

 Pvomagna, where it is said to have been invented in 1299. 

 See " Tile." 



Walnut, Black American (Juglans nigra). A favourite but rapidly 

 diminishing wood, used for fittings and furniture. As its name 

 implies, it is, in the heartwood only, black, or nearly so. In 

 the firsfe half of the nineteenth century it played a sxibordinate 

 part in making- up European walnut furniture ; later, as the 

 fashion of figure or ornament in the wood itself declined, the 

 black walnut came to the front, being suitable for a lighter 

 class of furniture with ornament centred in form, outline, 

 mouldings, etc. Its vise in the twentieth century is declin- 

 ing in face of diminishing supply. See " Fashion in Wood." 



Walnut Burrs. The produce of European and Asian grown 

 walnut-trees. " Burr " in this instance may not be a pro- 

 tuberance, as the name implies, but a body of wood contorted 

 in its fibrous grain in and around the root of a tree, hence the 

 trade-term " root-burr," or " figured- wood " from the root, 

 as distinguished from the plain or straight grained wood in 



