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If the couditioiis arc favorable wheu the pine wood is cut off, 

 then the young, hard woods spring up and flourish. But why do 

 not pines spring up where pines are cut off? First, piues do not 

 sprout from the stump ; next, there is not a regular crop of pine 

 seed each year, so that wheu the pine wood is cut there may be no 

 good seed in the ground. Again, young pines need some shade 

 and protection, and if the larger trees are all cut down, many of 

 the young pines may die when exposed to the sun. Those who, 

 with a knowledge of this fact, plant pines on unshaded ground, 

 especially in a season of drought, plant rye or some other cereal 

 with the pines, so that the quickly growing grain may shade the 

 young plants the first year. As we travel through the country we 

 can usually see how the young pines are seeded down under favor- 

 able conditions. Many of the neglected pastures of the State are 

 being clothed with pines. Note a group of large pines in a past- 

 ure. They were left, perhaps, when the woods were cut off there 

 3'ears ago. On the shady side of these are a few smaller trees, 

 and beyond these others smaller still, and so on, the pines grading 

 jn size according to the distance from the parent trees, until at the 

 limit of the plot there is an outer growth of little pines, perhaps 

 only one, two or three years old. The seeds which blew first from 

 the large pine and fell in its shade have germinated and flourished 

 well, while many of those on its sunny or exposed side died. 

 Now, let us see why piues appear where hard woods have been 

 cut off. This kind of succession is not so common, as many of 

 our hard-wood lots are cut for cord wood as soon the trees are of 

 sufficient size. Sprouts shoot up from the stumps immediately on 

 the opening of the season, choking many young pines. Yet some 

 will flourish, and there is then a mixed growth of pines and hard- 

 wood trees. This is the character of much of the wooded region 

 near Boston. But if an oak or walnut wood is allowed to grow 

 until the trees are old, and is cut when the roots have lost their 

 vigor, sprouts, if they come up at all, are not so vigorous, and 

 the pines have a better opportunity. Where squirrels are nu- 

 merous, a considerable part of the fruitage of the pine is removed 

 by them and the cones are buried or scattered about, not only 

 among the pines, but among the hard woods. Watch the squirrels 

 for proof of this statement. The winds also scatter pine seed far 

 and wide, among deciduous trees. So, if there are pines near hard- 

 wood lots, there are usually young pines among the hard-wood 

 trees. When the hard woods are cut off, these young pines, hav- 

 ing had a start in the shade, flourish and afford some shade for 

 still younger seedlings, which quickly germinate from the seed 



