30 



New Brunswick, N. J., were transplanted on infested trees with only 

 slight success In Massachusetts the only natural enemies recorded are 

 two species of lady-birds, found by the writer at Auburndale, Mass., 

 Oct. 9, 1.^97. On a single badly infested peach tree there were two 

 representatives of one species * and eight of another,f all feeding on 

 the young scales. 



Remedies. 



The degree of the infestation and the location and age of the infested 

 stock are among the chief considerations affecting the nature of the 

 remedies to be used. Aside from the matter of fumigation, which will 

 be detailed later, the same remedies are equally applicable to the orchard 

 and the nursery. 



1. Bunting — In treating orchard or nursery, stock infested with the 

 San Jose scale, the destruction of the trees, root and branch, hj fire, 

 will in the end yield the most satisfactory results. 1- inancial or senti- 

 mental considerations may sometimes induce the owner to employ less 

 heroic measures, and remedies for use in such cases are described later. 

 In preparing the trees for burning, it is necessary to dig rather than cut 

 them This is essential because the scales frequently mass on the bark 

 below the surface of the ground, and. sheltered in the cavity made by 

 the swaying trunk, multiply undisturbed. Professor Webster has noticed 

 that shoots sprouting from such stumps are usually infested, thus show- 

 ing the necessity of destroying the stiuups as well as the trunk and 

 branches As a measure of safety, it is necessary to burn not only the 

 infested trees but also those adjacent. Where infested stock has been 

 grown for a season or more in proximity to other trees it will almost 

 invariably be found that the insect has spread to some distance beyond 

 its original confines Aside from the greater degree of safety secured, 

 the destruction of susiDicious stock will save the time and labor that 

 must otherwise be spent in watching for the development of the scale 

 on th<^se trees, and in combating it should it appear. In all cases where 

 the infestation is of recent date and limited in extent, the use of fire is 

 the onl^^ measure that should be adopted. 



2. Wh(tlc-oil Soup. — The value of this substance as a remedy for 

 the San Jose scale was brought to public attention in 18:H) by Messrs. 

 Howard and Marlatt. and thus far has given uniformly satisfactory results 

 as a palliative measure It is applied at the rate of two pounds to one 

 gallon of water as a winter wash only. The soap is cut into small 

 pieces, dissolved in hot water, and, while warm, applied in a spray to 

 the infested trees, or the trunks and branches may be first scrubbed and 

 later sprayed. A boiler or kettle holding from five to fifteen gallons is 

 a necessit)- for work in the field. Small trees need but little preparation 

 for the treatment, but large trees should be well trimmed and cut back 

 before spraying. A single winter Avashing of the trees, as outlined 

 above, will destroy nearly all of the scales. It is safer, however, to fol- 

 low the first treatment with a second at an interval of a month or more. 

 These applications may be made at any time between November 1 and 

 April 1. 



Much has been claimed for the whale-oil soap treatment and up to 

 the present season the writer was of the opinion that in this remedy we 

 had a measure that was nearly if not quite exterminative in its ettects. 

 A few tests of the remedy are cited below . — 



An apple orchard located in the town of Scituate was visited on 

 March 2, 1897, and was found to be badly infested with the scale The 

 trees were planted in 1892, and at the time of the writer's visit three or 

 four were dead, twelve were so badly infested that they were ordered 



Adalia hipvnctata. f Chilocorus bivulnerus. 



