AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



499 



fan them out of the foul colonies in such 

 quantities as to form clouds to float 

 about an apiary and enter the sound col- 

 onies and disease them, why is it that 

 your foul germs don't attack all the 

 larvtB in the foul colonies at once, and 

 kill it all before the bees fanned these 

 foul germs out of the diseased colonies 

 in such abundance as to form clouds of 

 them to float about a bee-yard and enter 



From Dr. Howard's Book. — 3fag. 600 cliam. 



a, spores of bacillus alvei ; b, c. different forms 

 and stages of growth of the bacillus, as found In 

 the active stage of the disease ; d, penicillium 

 glaucum. common mold found everywhere— it has 

 covered every specimen of foul brood combs when 

 laid away for awhile ; e, sarcina ventriculi often 

 found in the rotten, ropy mass of foul brood ; f, 

 micrococci, undetermined putrefactive forms, found 

 in all dead brood and decaying matter— air germs. 



other colonies ? If your theory was 

 correct, every larva in a foul colony 

 would have the disease when a foul- 

 broody colony got in such a state with 

 the disease that the bees could fan the 

 germs out at the entrance ! 



Every bee-keeper in the world that 

 has ever had any experience with foul 

 brood knows that there is always some 

 sound larva in foul-broody colonies in 

 the breeding season, until the foul colo- 

 nies are almost dead from the disease. 

 I cannot spare the time to go to Michi- 

 gan and treat a foul-brood colony by my 

 methods of curing foul brood, but I will, 

 in June, put a very foul-broody colony 

 in charge of Mr. Gemmill and Prof. Mac- 

 kenzie to cure by my methods, in the 

 same old hive, without having the old 

 hive disinfected in any way. So Mr. 

 Graden can send his $100 to Mr. 

 Emigh, of Holbrook, Ont., to hold, and I 

 will put up my money as soon as his is 

 up. 



I will also furnish a hive filled with 

 foul brood combs with honey in, and 

 have them placed a few rods from a 

 sound colony, and then set the sound 



colony to rob the foul combs of the dis- 

 eased, on a wager of $100 that the 

 sound colony gets foul brood from them. 

 I will place this test case in the hands 

 of Prof. Mackenzie and Mr. Gemmill. 

 Mr. Graden can " put up " on this also — 

 half of all the " stakes" to go to Father 

 Laugstroth. 



I have found hundreds of colonies so 

 rotten with foul brood that the stench 

 from them in hot weather was many 

 times almost unbearable, and several 

 times it was. Many of these combs were 

 very old — a class that make very little 

 wax. I often said if such combs were 

 mine, that as soon as I took them from 

 the bees in the evenings and gave them 

 the starters, I would pile up such hor- 

 rible combs and burn them, before I 

 would make wax out of such stuff; not 

 but the wax would be all right. 



Where there is only a little of the dis- 

 ease in many colonies, and most of the 

 brood is sound, I would in the evenings 



From Br. BbwanPs Book. — 3/ag. 600 diam. 



a, some of the forms of pollen grains found in 

 the stomach of dead brood ; b, the most common 

 form found in dead brood from]whatever cause. I 

 have found this form in all specimens of dead 

 brood from Texas, Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, In- 

 diana and Canada. The outer case is thin, ribbed 

 and opens at one end when numerous smaller atoms 

 similar in shape are released often apparently ad- 

 herent to the parent cell. On examining bee-bread 

 from each specimen this same pollen grain is found 

 with many forms ; c, d, the hairs of the bee magni- 

 fied, often found in honey and in the foul brood 

 masses of sealed brood. 



in the honey season remove the brood 

 from the strongest colonies &nd give them 

 starters. I would then cage the queens 

 in the weakest colonies, and then tier 

 up on them the brood I took from the 

 strongest colonies, and leave it there for 

 eight or ten days. I would then remove 

 all the combs and give the bees starters, 

 and let the queens out of the cages, and 

 either make wax of these combs, or 



