If, now, we examine a successful graft of several years' growth, 

 we shall at once discover two important facts: First, the one al- 

 ready propounded, that the old cion and stock have remained totally 

 distinct and separate, without the slightest promise of a union ; and, 

 second, that the new wood which has grown since the graft was made 

 is continuous. It is in complete, continuous, unbroken annual layers, 

 like those in an ungrafted stem. At any rate, the difference between 

 these annual layers as they grow over a graft junction and as they 

 grow on an ordinary stem is not an essential one. It may be set 

 aside for the present, but will be examined later. 



Fig. i. Diagram of Cleft Graft 3 years old. 



These statements may be better understood by reference to the 

 accompanying diagram, Fig. i. The black portions represent the 

 wood of the original cion and stock. The white portions represent 

 three annual layers of wood which have grown since the graft was 

 made. That this is a true statement of what really takes place may 

 be seen from the photographs, Figs. 2, 3, 4, which are taken 

 direct from the actual specimens, and are reproduced natural size. 

 In every case the old stock can be traced, more or less clearly, along 

 its junction with the cion, while the annual layers may be seen com- 

 pletely enveloping both. We have thus demonstrated the following 

 simple facts : 



(1) Stock and cion do not unite like the two parts of a broken 

 bone. On the contrary they remain forever separate. 



(2) Neither do the annual layers produced after grafting unite, 

 in the ordinary sense of that term. Each layer, under normal con 

 ditions, is complete and continuous. 



