(3) In hardwood graftage, therefore, the "union" of stock and 

 cion is quite different, in its mechanical nature, from what our com- 

 mon speech would signify and from what it is commonly understood 

 to be. 



These conclusions are so simple and obvious that we are slow to 

 admit their revolutionary character. Moreover, they are immediately 

 followed in the horticulturist's mind by a train of questions and 

 doubts which, though entirely subsidiary, do much to disguise the 

 force of the main facts. The horticulturist knows, for instance, that 

 the two varieties brought together by graftage retain their character- 

 istic qualities unmodified, or only slightly changed. If a pear cion 

 is grafted on a quince stock, then any bud above the junction will 

 bear pears, and any bud growing from below the junction will bear 

 quinces. There must be a division between the two kinds of wood. 

 What is the nature of this division ? How precise is it ? Is it ac- 

 companied by any mechanical strength or weakness ? These and 

 other similar questions press for answer. 



It cannot be said that we are yet in a position to answer all these 

 questions. Possibly we can throw a little light on some of them. 

 But it must not be forgotten that all these considerations are en- 

 tirely above and beyond the more fundamental conclusions already 

 reached, and that the facts already developed are not to be in any 

 wise affected by the discussion of these questions which we now 

 take up. 



THE SEPARATION OF CHARACTERS 



If we make sections of a large number of grafts, such as are shown 

 in the accompanying photographs, we shall find that, in spite of the 

 longitudinal continuity of the annual layers, there is sometimes, at 

 right angles to them, a visible line of demarcation between the wood 

 grown from the cion and that grown from the stock. The two kinds 

 of tissue are sufficiently unlike that the difference can be noted with 

 the naked eye. Moreover, in some cases there is a distinct line 

 which seems to form a boundary between the two members. 



