1873.] 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



123 



the number, the whole gave but little more than 

 the few gave the year before, and several perished. 



I have no known reason to doubt that four or 

 five good colonies might each have c<)llc'Ct(^d 

 that amount, 125 pounds each, had they the 

 field to themselves. Possibly, ten might liave 

 done it, and given 1250 pounds. But twenty 

 would require so much of the product for 

 breeding and stores, that but little surplus 

 would be gathered, and some weak swarms 

 starve to death. 



I now have no reasonable doubt, that, with 

 the number of colonies suited to the product of 

 the field, from 100 to 200 i)0unds may be secured, 

 averaging from 100 to 200 pounds according to 

 the field. Farmers will not hi-, likely to procuie 

 honey extractors, and use movable comb frames, 

 as a rule; and, from mv experiments, thus far, 

 I have no doubt that the above results may be 

 reached by hives with bsirs, and little care re- 

 quired, but the introduction and removal of 

 movable partitions, and surplus boxes in their 



season. 



I have now returned from my residence in 

 Albany, to Woodstock, Vermont, where most of 

 the strength of my days have passed, and all 

 communications to me should be addressed ac- 

 cordingly, Woodstock, Vermont. 



My circular will be sent to any persons re- 

 questing it, with their address given. 



Jasper Hazen. 



Woodstock, Vermont, Nov. 25, lb73. 



[Translated from Kleine's Centralblatt.] 



One-Eyed Bees. 



Should the gentle reader ever examine the 

 head of a worker bee, he will find in th(; mid- 

 dle of the face the two antennae, aud under 

 these, at the lower edge of the fiice, the two 

 strong bone-like jaws, between which, drawn 

 up in the mouth, is the proboscis. On both 

 sides of the antenna;, along the sides of the 

 face, and stretching toward the top of the 

 head, are to be found what are called the com- 

 pound eyes. These are also called net-formed 

 eyes, because, when examining their surface, 

 through a microscope, they have, in some de- 

 gree, the appearance of tlie meshes of a net. As 

 these net formed eyes of the worker bee do 

 not, like those of the drone, unite at the top, 

 there is a space left bare at the top of the head. 

 Here are located, hidden under hairs, the 

 so called single-eyes, which every one takes for 

 true eyes, while there is as yet much doubt as 

 to whether the so-called comi^ound eyes an; 

 really eyes. Barth, for example, holds that 

 they are not eyes. The single eyes form a tri- 

 angle with each other, whose apex, pointing 

 downward, and in the neighborhood of the 

 antennae, is located on the forehead and crown 

 of the head. The eye at the apex of the tri- 

 angle is placed at the border of the forehead 



and crown, and the two eyes forming the base! ■' 

 of the triangle are placed fully on the crown;, 

 of the head. 



After tliis brief analysis of the eyes of our 

 industrious honey-gatiiering in.sects, the render 

 will lie prepaicd to understand the description 

 of an intere.'-ting abnormal development of the 

 head of some worker bees discovered by me. 



Some days back, I was engiiged in dividing a 

 ton populous colony. On the perforated band 

 which close 1 the juncture of the full and emp- 

 ty hive, I found a bee which at once attracted 

 my attention. Its head was unusually :<mall, 

 and to the most .superficial examination siiovv- 

 ed great (ieviation from the usual form of the 

 head. During the day, and for some days af- 

 terwaid, I found more specimens of these little 

 headed bees, some dead and some living. In 

 all. I found six, which, doubtless, were from 

 the same queen, as they had the same color 

 (hybrid Italians), ami were found before the 

 same stock. After as car-ful mu examination 

 as I was aljle to mtike witli my lens, I will now 

 give as full an explanation as I can. 



Bee No. 1. Above the two antennae, and near 

 to them, was found but one compound eye, in 

 the formot a luilt-aioon. which nhnost .surround- 

 ed both the antenna; nnd the sides. The free 

 space, in the center of the space, was grer.ily 

 narrowed, likewise the forehead and crown; at 

 the sides of the head, where usually the C"m- 

 pound eyes are, were only small, vacant rings. 



The large com])Ound failed, as Bee No. 5 will 

 show by tlie joining of the two eyes into one, 

 which has its place upon the forehead, and 

 thus drew themselves away from the sides. No 

 lin(!s, which the union might have left were to 

 be seen, on the crown of the head. Above this 

 large, half-moon eye, was still to be found the 

 single eye. at the apex of the triangle, but the 

 two forming the base were not to be discovered. 

 All the oth-r organs of this bee, as the antennae, 

 jaws, tongui!. were present, and normally de- 

 veloped. The diversion appeared only in the 

 organs of vision. 



Bee No. 2. The head of this young bee, 

 thrown out by the inhabitants of the hive, re- 

 sembled the one just described; the one, large, 

 compound eye. was placed over the antennae, 

 and the one, single eye, was there. 



Bee No. 3. Just as No. 2. 



Bee No. 4. Just as No. 2. 



Bee No. 5. In this example a marked differ- 

 ence is to be found between the compound 

 eyes. A separating line, as with drones, pcr- 

 fec'ly divided the eyes from each other. They 

 were yet so nearly joined, and the line on the 

 crown of the head was so faint that, to a super- 

 ficial ol).server, it had the appearance of one 

 eye. The single eyes failed entirely. 



Bee No. 6. This bee had really but one 

 compound eye. It was at its true position on 

 the left side of the head. On the right side, 

 the other eye waa absent entirely. Of the sin- 



