Part II.] NET ^^^EIGHT OF HOXEY. 151 



Paper Containers. 

 Paper containers are coming on to the market as a less ex- 

 pensive package, but as yet are not satisfactory. There are 

 several types. In order to seal these tightly, a machine is 

 usually necessary. 



Procuring Containers. 



Containers are available through the bee supply houses, 

 glass and tin manufacturers and jobbers. In selecting glass 

 jars, straight-sided, wide-mouthed containers without a shoulder 

 are found preferable. One of the several forms of screw caps 

 will be found desirable. Two types of liners for the caps are 

 found satisfactory, — wax or paraffin board, or felt and paraffin 

 paper liners. 



Glass manufacturers frequently speak of the capacities of 

 their jars in terms of fluid ounces, knowing little or nothing of 

 their capacity for a given weight of honey. Hence, the follow- 

 ing may be of assistance in selecting containers: — 



"Extracted honey when ready for market should run about 

 12 pounds to the gallon at normal temperature [60° to 70° 

 Fahr.j " ^ Thus commercially a gallon of honey is considered to 

 weigh 12 pounds avoirdupois.^ For a 1-pound container, an 

 11 or 12 fluid ounce capacity should be secured. The latter is 

 usually a stock size. Many pint containers are found to hold 

 approximately 1^ pounds of honey. Many quart containers are 

 found to hold approximately 3 pounds of honey. A 22 or 23 

 fluid ounce container is considered suitable to hold 2 pounds of 

 honey. It should be remembered, however, that in blowing 

 glass containers there is a slight variation in their cubic 

 capacity. 



> Root, A. I., and E. R., 1917, "ABC and X Y Z of Bee Culture," p. 671. 



' If, however, honey is heated to 130° or 140° Fahr. to prevent granulation the density changes, 

 and, according to Root, 1 gallon will weigh "about 11 pounds and 10 ounces." On this basis the 

 average gallon can will not hold 12 pounds of honey at the temperature to which it has been raised 

 in order to prevent granulation. At normal temperature a honey weighing llj^ pounds to the 

 gallon has a high water content, which is indicative of improper or incomplete ripening, and 

 will be subject to fermentation. 



