TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX 



CHAP. II. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC STRUCT-TIRE 222 



1. The Vegetable Cell 222 



2. Vegetable Tissues 232 



CHAP. HI. VEGETATIVE ORGANS 234 



1. The Root 2:34 



Spongioles. Root Cap 235 



Offices of Root 238 



Delicacy of Structure 239 



Apparent Search for Food 241 



Root-hairs. 243 



Contact of Roots with Soil 245 



Absorption by Root 248 



Soil Roots, Water Roots, Air Roots 252 



Excretions ... 258 



2. The Stem... ...260 



Buds 261 



Layers, Tillering 264 



Root-Stocks 265 



Tubers 266 



Structure of the Stem 267 



Endogenous Plants 268 



Exogenous " 273 



Sieve-cells 280 



3. Leaves. ; 283 



Leaf Pores 285 



Exhalation of Water Vapor 287 



Offices of Foliage. . . 290 



CHAP. IV. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 291 



1. The Flower 291 



Fertilization 294 



Hybridizing 295 



Darwin's Hypothesis 298 



2. Fruit 300 



Seed 302 



Endosperm 302 



Embryo 302 



3. Vitality of seeds and their influence on the Plants they produce.305 



Duration of Vitality 305 



Use of old. unripe and light seeds 307 



Church's Experiments on Seed Wheat 308 



DIVISION III. LIFE OF THE PLANT. 

 CHAP. I. GERMINATION 310 



1. Introductory 310 



2. Phenomena of Germination '. 311 



3. Conditions of Germination 312 



Proper Depth of Sowing 316 



4. Chemical Physiology of Germination 318 



Chemistry of Malt 319 



CHAP. II. 1. Food of the Plant when independent of the Seed 327 



2. The Juices of the Plant. Their Nature and Movements 330 



Flow of Sap 331 



Bleeding 332 



Composition of Sap 337 



Kinds of Sap :MS 



Motion of Nutrient Matters H 10 



| 3. Causes of Motion of the Juices 346 



* Porosity of Tissues 346 



Imbibition 3-10 



Capillary Attraction 319 



Liquid Diffusion., 351 



Osmose or Membrane Diffusion 354 



Root Action 300 



Selective Power of Plant 362 



4. Mechanical Effects of Osmose 308 



5. Direction of Vegetable Growth 370 



APPENDIX.-TABLES. 

 TABLE I. Composition of the Ash of Agricult* Plants and Products. Averages.376 



