254 ALASKA. 



On Amak^'AK Island were three settlements before the com- 

 ing of the liussiaus in 1702, but now there are none ; hogs run 

 from April to October ; on the little island to the west, Ooliia- 

 dale, was a small settlement. 



TheKRAMEETSA Islands are seven in number, lyingbetween 

 Ouualashka andOonemak, viz: Oonalga, Alcooian, Alwon, Goloi, 

 Avatanak, Tecr/alda, and Oogomal:. Akootan is the largest and 

 most mountainous ; the smallest and lowest is Oonalga, and all 

 of them have inhabitants save Goloi and Oogomak; all have 

 foxes save Goloi ; the catch is from 180 to 2.j0 yearly. 



Oonalga has a small lake and three small streams, into which 

 only salmon-tront run. The berries are " sheksa," {Empetrum 

 nigrum,) salmon-berry, and "nioroshkie," {litibus chamcemoriis.) 

 Snow does not lie long here. The settlement is ou the south 

 side, on the clifts ; 3 yourts, 23 souls, (10 males, 13 females.) The 

 little, bold rocky islands to the northeast of Oonalga are fre- 

 quented by hair-seals ; on only one of them is a spring of water. 

 Ships can go all around these islands without danger: they are 

 free from rocks or shoals. 



Akootan, a rough, rocky island, with a high volcano near the 

 middle ; the beaches are few and far between, and but little land 

 fit for vegetation. Two lakes on it, with five streams; one bay 

 on the south side; a few fish come into the streams. Berries 

 of all kinds grow here, peculiar to this country ; (from 40 to CO 

 foxes are killed here every year, the greater number red.) On 

 the northeast side, in a small bay, are hot springs, coming from 

 the mountains, with so high a temperature, that meat and fish 

 can be cooked in them. On the very summit of the volcano are 

 found small, but deep, lakes, and the place where the volcano 

 breaks out strongly resembles the spout-hole of a huge whale, 

 the ridge of the mountain resembling the back and head of this 

 animal. 



In old times there were 7 settlements, with COO people ; in 

 1810 there was but one, and in the present time (1831) but one, 

 and this is on the north side, where a small stream runs down, 

 surrounded by high and rugged mountains. This is the small- 

 est settlement iu this district, 13 souls, living on fish, which 

 come into the streams and along the beach. 



Akoon lies near Akootan ; it is smaller, and the mountains 

 not so high ; one mountain, on the south side, always smokes, 

 but the smoke is never noteworthy. The beach is mostly blufifs, 

 rugged. The berries "moroshkie" and " zemlianeeka" are 



