256 ALASKA. 



and a small stream flows, from wliicli about 1,000 fish are taken. 

 All berries are found here except the huckleberry. From 50 to 

 70 foxes are killed here every year. The greatest number of 

 them are black and black-haired. In the autumn and winter are 

 plenty of '' beach-geese," and in the spring " toondra geese." 

 On the southwest side of this island is found stone-coal, and in 

 the lake near the settlement is a red or golden ocher. In ancient 

 times there were five settlements, in them over 500 people, but 

 now there is only one, which lies on the north side, with a pop- 

 ulation of 92 souls, (39 males, 53 females.) They have a fine 

 " kozarmie," (barrack,) well built and always kept clean ; five 

 yourts, a bath-house, and a few barrabkies. The number given 

 above of these people includes those who were brought over 

 from Oogamak in 182G. In this place are the ruins of an old 

 yourt, 30 sajens (210 feet) long. Opposite the town, on the 

 north side of the island, near Oogamak, is a number of steep, 

 high rocks (28) or islets. On them the big burgomaster-guli 

 breeds, and over 500 eggs are taken every year. On them are 

 three green j)laces only, and on many of these islands lie hair- 

 seals, acd on one of the northern ones are sea-lions. This is the 

 chief supplying place for all these people here for winter-food. 

 On them are no lakes or streams. On the north side is a green- 

 ish red used by the Aleuts for painting their hats. 



Oogamak.^ — No water save a small spring ; a small number 

 of foxes (7) killed annually. On the island comes a larger num- 

 ber of hair-seals than are found on all the others. On the cliffs, 

 sea-parrots breed, and over 500 are annually shot ; on the 

 low rocks sea-lions previously came in considerable numbers, 

 one of which traveled over and back from the south to the 

 north side of the island ; a good many stay all winter. In early 

 times on the island there were many people, but they have been 

 growing less and less, so that now there are only 18. 



00NE3IAK. — This island was in old times the most densely 

 populated of all these islands ; there were 12 settlements. In 

 1831 the ruins of a " koznrmie" or barracks exhibited a length 

 of over GOO sajens, (4,200 feet.) and yourts were from 12 to 30, 

 and even 50 sajens. At the jiresent time (1834) only one set- 

 tlement, Sheshaldimlcie, with 7 L souls, (30 males, 41 females,) who 

 are poorest of all the Aleuts. They have but 2 yourts and 4 

 bidarkies, and the company has a trader here and two work- 

 men; theyhaveayourt,abarrabkie, and "banio," (or bath-house.) 



Animals. — Mice or lemmings, minks, Parry's marmot, rabbits^ 



