1 70 PIONEERS OF EVOLUTION PART 



stomach, muscle, skin, and lungs. Even the chiefs, 

 in whom a tendency towards separateness of function 

 first appears, still retain their similarity to the rest 

 in economic respects. The next stage is distin- 

 guished by a segregation of these social units into 

 a few distinct classes warriors, priests, and slaves. 

 A further advance is seen in the sundering of 

 the labourers into different castes, having special 

 occupations, as among the Hindoos. And, without 

 further illustration, the reader will at once perceive, 

 that from these inferior types of society up to our 

 own complicated and more perfect one, the progress 

 has ever been of the same nature. While he will 

 also perceive that this coalescence of like parts, as 

 seen in the concentration of particular manufactures 

 in particular districts, and this separation of agents 

 having separate functions, as seen in the more and 

 more minute division of labour, are still going on. 



4 Thus do we find, not only that the analogy 

 between a society and a living creature is borne out 

 to a degree quite unsuspected by those who com- 

 monly draw it, but also that the same definition of 

 life applies to both. This union of many men into 

 one community this increasing mutual dependence 

 of units which were originally independent this 

 formation of a whole consisting of unlike parts 

 this growth of an organism, of which one portion 

 cannot be injured without the rest feeling it may 

 all be generalised under the law of individuation. 

 The development of society, as well as the develop- 

 ment of man and the development of life generally, 

 may be described as a tendency to individuate to 

 become a thing. And rightly interpreted, the mani- 



