178 PIONEERS OF EVOLUTION. PART 



tegrations that arise when, out of several places 

 producing a particular commodity, one monopo- 

 lises more and more of the business, and leaves 

 the rest to dwindle ; as witness the growth 

 of the Yorkshire cloth districts at the expense 

 of those in the west of England . . . And we 

 have yet those other integrations that result 

 from the actual approximation of the similarly- 

 occupied parts, whence result such facts as 

 the concentration of publishers in Paternoster 

 Row, of lawyers in the Temple and neighbour- 

 hood, of corn merchants about Mark Lane, of 

 civil engineers in Great George Street, of 

 bankers in the centre of the city ' (Essays^ vol. iii., 

 1878 edition; 'Transcendental Physiology/ pp. 

 414-416). 



But, divested of technicalities, and summarised 

 in words to be ' understanded of the people/ the 

 following quotation from the Essay on ' Progress : 

 Its Law and Cause/ gives the gist of the Synthetic 

 Philosophy : 



' We believe we have shown beyond question 

 that that which the German physiologists (von 

 Baer, Wolff, and others) have found to be the law 

 of organic development (as of a seed into a tree, 

 and of an egg into an animal), is the law of all 

 development. The advance from the simple to the 

 complex, through a process of successive differentia- 

 tions (i.e. the appearance of differences in the parts 

 of a seemingly like substance), is seen alike in the 

 earliest changes of the Universe to which we can 

 reason our way back ; and in the earlier changes 

 which we can inductively establish ; it is seen in 



