iv MODERN EVOLUTION 179 



the geologic and climatic evolution of the Earth, 

 and of every single organism on its surface ; it is 

 seen in the evolution of Humanity, whether con- 

 templated in the civilised individual, or in the aggre- 

 gation of races ; it is seen in the evolution of 

 Society in respect alike of its political, its religious, 

 and its economical organisation ; and it is seen in 

 the evolution of all those endless concrete and 

 abstract products of human activity which con- 

 stitute the environment of our daily life. From 

 the remotest past which Science can fathom, up to 

 the novelties of yesterday, that in which Progress 

 essentially consists is the transformation of the 

 homogeneous into the heterogeneous ' (Essay 's, vol. i. 

 1883, p. 30). 



To this may fitly follow the ' succinct statement 

 of the cardinal principles developed in the successive 

 works/ which Mr. Spencer, as named above, pre- 

 pared for Professor Youmans : 



1. Throughout the universe in general and in 

 detail there is an unceasing redistribution of matter 

 and motion. 



2. This redistribution constitutes evolution when 

 there is a predominant integration of matter and 

 dissipation of motion, and constitutes dissolution 

 when there is a predominant absorption of motion 

 and disintegration of matter. 



3. Evolution is simple when the process of in- 

 tegration, or the formation of a coherent aggregate, 

 proceeds uncomplicated by other processes. 



4. Evolution is compound, when along with this 

 primary change from an incoherent to a coherent 

 state, there go on secondary changes due to differ- 



