BY DR. KLEIN. 87 



ccption of those of the ganglia of Auerbach) the following parts 

 may be distinguished ; the capsule, the body of the cell and its 

 nucleus, and the processes. The capsule is beset with strong nu- 

 clei at even distances from each other ; in sections of fresh gan- 

 glia hardened by freezing, and treated with nitrate of silver, 

 markings may be seen in the capsule which indicate the cxM- 

 ence of endothelium ; the elements of this endothelium are of 

 such size as to make it apparent that each of the nuclei above 

 mentioned belong to an individual cell. As in the ganglia of the 

 spinal nerves, the capsule is continued from the cell upon one 

 of the processes, with the Schwann's sheath of which it becomes 

 identified. The ganglion cells of the sympathetic system are 

 of various size, and are either globular or oblong. In the for- 

 mer case, they may be either without distinguishable processes, 

 or may have a single process (unipolar), or two in opposite 

 directions (bipolar) ; being in the former case pear-shaped, in 

 the latter spindle-shaped. Others occur which have two pro- 

 cesses in the same direction, or numerous processes in various 

 directions fmultipolar cells). The substance of the ganglion 

 cell is for the most part finely granular, sometimes containing 

 clumps of pigment of various size. Each cell contains a single 

 vesicular nucleus (or two nuclei), which is usually eccentric, 

 and. always contains a large, shining nucleolus. In the exami- 

 nation of a number of ganglion cells, one or two can generally 

 be found in which fine fibrils are distinguishable : these can 

 often be traced nearly to the nucleus, presenting an appearance 

 which seems to correspond with the network of fibres described 

 by some in the body of the cells. 



Spiral Fibre Cells. In the cells of the sympathetic gan- 

 glia of the frog, as well as of the cct'liac ganglion of mammalia, 

 and in those of the bladder of the rabbit, pear-shaped or club- 

 shaped ganglion cells may be isolated, which possess two pro- 

 cesses, extending in the same direction. These processes differ 

 more or less in thickness from each other : they are contained 

 near their origin in a common sheath, which, at a greater 

 distance, divides into two, each investing one of the processes. 

 So long as they are in the common sheath, their arrangement 

 to one another is peculiar. Sometimes they merely cross one 

 another; at others, one of them, usually the thinner, twines 

 spirally round the other. Occasionally, this last is perfectly 

 straight ; sometimes it is apparently of the same substance with 

 the body of the cell ; at others, it seems to penetrate into its in- 

 terior tending towards the nucleus, without, however, being de- 

 rnonstrably united with it. The second process, viz., the so- 

 called spiral fibre, originates by a double or single root, which 

 can be followed to certain nucleolus-like structures, of oblong 

 form, of which from one to four are to be found in the neighbor- 

 hood of the pole from which the straight process springs. I>ut 



