BY DR. LAUDER BRUNTON. 517 



wire being chosen which does not fill it up, the flow of the juice 

 is not hindered. Three threads having then been passed 

 through the wall of the duodenum near the duct, the intestine 

 and omentum are replaced in the abdomen, and the duodenum 

 fastened by the threads to the abdominal wall. The wound is 

 then sewed up, care being taken that the twisted part of the 

 lead wire passes through the wound. Twenty-four hours after 

 the operation, the stitches are taken out, but the wire left in. 

 In two or three days afterwards the juice can be collected. For 

 this purpose, the animal must be supported by two straps, which 

 pass under its belly, and are attached to a horizontal bar hung 

 from the roof by a cord and pulley. The dog is thus suspended 

 over a table at such a height that it can barely touch it with 

 its toes, in which position it remains perfectly still. A funnel 

 is then attached under the fistula, and the juice collected in a 

 glass below. 



The normal juice obtained from a temporary fistula is a col- 

 orless transparent tenacious fluid, with a strongly alkaline re- 

 action. When cooled under C.. a coagulum separates from 

 it. The juice from permanent fistulae is more watery, and yields 

 no coagulum when cooled. In the former, it often contains 

 about 10 per cent, of solids, but the amount may be as low as 

 2 per cent. ; and in the latter, the percentage is frequently from 

 2 to 5. Their amount is determined in the manner described 

 in 74. Pancreatic juice contains an albuminous body, an 

 alkali-albuminate, leucine, tyrosine, fats, soaps, inorganic salts, 

 and three ferments. One of these converts starch into sugar, 

 another splits up fats, liberating fatty acids, and the third con- 

 verts albuminous bodies, first into peptones, and then into leu- 

 cine and tyrosine. On account of the presence of this third 

 ferment, the reactions of the juice, after it has been allowed to- 

 stand, differ from those which it presents when fresh, the albu- 

 min of the fresh juice itself being digested by the ferment in 

 it, and yielding peptones, leucine, and tyrosine. When fresh 

 juice is heated to 72 C., the albumin coagulates, and after the 

 coagulum has been separated, acetic acid precipitates the alkali- 

 albuminate. The watery extract of the gland may be used for 

 showing many of the properties and actions of pancreatic juice,, 

 instead of the juice itself. 



** 166. Artificial Pancreatic Juice. For this purpose, 

 the pancreas from an animal killed in full digestion must be em- 

 ployed. Take the pancreas of an animal which has been killed 

 about six hours after a full meal. Wash off the blood, cut it 

 into moderately small pieces, pour about four times its weight 

 of water at 25 C. over it, and let it stand for two hours in the 

 water at that temperature, above which it must not be allowed 

 to rise more than four or five degrees at most. Filter it first 

 through linen, and then through paper. The filtrate generally 



