524 DIGESTION. 



end to the tap, and fill it with water under pressure. Close 

 the lower end by compressing it between the finger and thumb, 

 and raise, first the one end, and then the other, so that the 

 water may loosen the contents of the intestine from its walls. 

 Empty out the water, and repeat the process three or four 

 times, until what flows from the intestine is either transparent 

 or only slightly opalescent, and is not at all tinged with bile. 

 Five minutes' washing is generally sufficient to cleanse the in- 

 testine thoroughly. It should not be continued longer than 

 is necessary, as otherwise a great part of the intestinal ferment 

 mav be removed. Slit up the intestine, and separate the mu- 

 cous membrane from the muscular layer. Cut the mucous 

 membrane into small pieces with scissors, or rub it up in a 

 mortar with sand or pounded glass, then mix it with three to 

 six times its bulk of water, and let it stand for a quarter of an 

 hour to two hours. Filter the infusion through rnuslin, and 

 thru through paper. 



** 175. Actions of Intestinal Juice. 1. It converts 

 Wurrli i,,fo tiugar. Add a little of the artificial juice to some 

 starch mucilage, warm it, and test for sugar as described in 77 

 or 155. The mucilage and juice alone should also be tested, in 

 order to be sun- that neither of them contains sugar. 2. It con- 

 v/-/s Cane >'//;// into Grape Sugar Dissolve some cane 

 sugar in water, and apply Trommer's test to a portion of the 

 solution. No reduction of the copper will occur as it would 

 do if grape sugar were employed. Add some artificial intesti- 

 nal juice to another portion of the solution. Let it stand at 

 40 for a short time, and then apply Trommer's test ; a re- 

 duction of the copper will take place. A similar conversion 

 of cane into grape sugar is produced by boiling with acids, as 

 may be shown by boiling a little of the syrup with dilute sul- 

 phuric acid, and then applying Trommer's test. 



* 176. Moreau's Experiment. When all the. Nerve* 

 yniny /o a jxirt <>f the Intent hie arc divided, it secretes a very 

 large Quantity of a watery Intestinal Juice. This is shown by 

 letting a large dog fast for at least twenty-four hours, so that 

 its intestines may be empty. It is then put under chloroform, 

 an incision made in the linea alba, and a loop of intestine drawn 

 out. Two ligatures are tied firmly round it at a distance of 

 four or five inches apart, so that the piece of bowel between 

 them is completely isolated from the rest of the intestine. All 

 the nerves in the mesentery belonging to this piece are then 

 carefully divided, leaving the vessels uninjured. Another liga- 

 ture is then tied round the intestine on each side of the first 

 two, ami about four or five inches from them, so that a piece of 

 intestine similar to the first is isolated on each side of it, but 

 the nerves going to them are left untouched. The intestine is 

 then returned to the abdominal cavity, the wound sewn up, and 



